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_The Peshitta Holy Bible_ translated by David Bauscher
#61
Do you think Revelation 18:2 originally had:
"cried mightily with a great voice"?
"cried with a great voice"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"demons, and a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean bird, and a prison of every unclean creature also having been hated"?
"demons, a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean and hateful bird"?
"demons and a prison to every impure and detestable spirit"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:2
Berean Literal Bible
And he cried out in a mighty voice, saying: "Fallen, Fallen is Babylon the great! And she has become a habitation of demons, and a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean bird, and a prison of every unclean creature also having been hated.
King James Bible
And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And he shouted with a great voice: “Fallen, fallen, Babylon the Great! And it is become the abode for Demons and a prison to every impure and detestable spirit.”
Literal Standard Version
and he cried in might [with] a great voice, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! And she became a habitation of demons, and a hold of every unclean spirit, and a hold of every unclean and hateful bird,
World English Bible
He cried with a mighty voice, saying, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, and she has become a habitation of demons, a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean and hateful bird!

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:3 originally had:
"because all the nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication"?
"because she mixed of the wine of her fornication for all the nations"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:3
Berean Literal Bible
For all the nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her sexual immorality; and the kings of the earth have committed sexual immorality with her; and the merchants of the earth have been enriched through the power of her luxury."
King James Bible
For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“Because she mixed of the wine of her fornication for all the nations, and the Kings of The Earth committed fornication with her, and the merchants of The Earth have become rich by the power of her infatuation.”
Literal Standard Version
because all the nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her whoredom, and the kings of the earth committed whoredom with her, and merchants of the earth were made rich from the power of her indulgence.”
World English Bible
For all the nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her sexual immorality, the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality with her, and the merchants of the earth grew rich from the abundance of her luxury."

===============================================.
Revelation 18:4 - And I heard another voice from heaven say: "Go out of her, my people, so that you have no part in her sins and do not receive from her plagues,
Go out of her ... - i.e. Go from the city of Babylon. For the flight of God's people from Babylon, see also Jer. 50:8, 28 and Jer. 51:6.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:5 originally had:
"for her sins have cleaved up to heaven"?
"for her sins have reached unto heaven"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"The Language of the Apocalypse" (1965) by C.G. Ozanne. PDF:
https://legacy.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/L...alypse.pdf
....Revelation 18:5. A literal translation of the relevant clause is as follows: 'for her (Babylon's) sins have cleaved up to (ἄχρι) heaven.' But this conveys no meaning. Either her sins reached up to heaven, or they cleaved to heaven; it cannot mean both at once.

Revelation 18:5
Berean Literal Bible
For her sins have been heaped as high as heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.
King James Bible
For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“Because the sins in her have touched Heaven, and God has called her evil to mind.”
Literal Standard Version
because her sins have reached up to Heaven, and God remembered her unrighteousness.
World English Bible
for her sins have reached to the sky, and God has remembered her iniquities.
Young's Literal Translation
because her sins did follow -- unto the heaven, and God did remember her unrighteousness.

Rev 18:5 (APNT)
because her sins have reached up to heaven and God has remembered her wicked [deeds].

Revelation 18:5
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/18-5.htm
hoti/ ὅτι/ For
ekollēthēsan/ ἐκολλήθησαν/ joined together, per a 1975 Zondervan interlinear
autēs/ αὐτῆς/ her
hai/ αἱ/ who, which, what, that - https://biblehub.com/greek/3739.htm
hamartiai/ ἁμαρτίαι/ sins
achri/ ἄχρι/ as high as
tou/ τοῦ/ the
ouranou/ οὐρανοῦ/ heaven
kai/ καὶ/ and
emnēmoneusen/ ἐμνημόνευσεν/ has remembered
ho/ ὁ/ who, which, what, that - https://biblehub.com/greek/3739.htm
Theos/ Θεὸς/ God
ta/ τὰ/ the
adikēmata/ ἀδικήματα/ iniquities
autēs/ αὐτῆς/ of her

2853. kollaó
https://biblehub.com/greek/2853.htm
kollaó: to glue, unite
Original Word: κολλάω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: kollaó
Phonetic Spelling: (kol-lah'-o)
Definition: to glue, unite
Usage: (lit: I glue); hence: mid. and pass: I join myself closely, cleave, adhere (to), I keep company (with), of friendly intercourse.
HELPS Word-studies
2853 kolláō (from kólla, "glue") – to bond (cleave), adhere to (literally, "glued together"); to cleave, join to; (figuratively) intimately connected in a soul-knit friendship.
[2853 (kolláō) is used "frequently in ancient medical language of the uniting of wounds" (WS, 180).]

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:6 originally had:
"Render to her as she rendered to you, and"?
"Render to her as she rendered, and"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:6
Berean Literal Bible
Give back to her as she also has rendered; and pay back double to her, twofold according to her works. In the cup which she has mixed, mix double to her.
King James Bible
Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“Pay her just as she also has paid, and give her double for her deeds. In the cup which she has mixed, mix her a double.”
Literal Standard Version
Render to her as she also rendered to you, and double to her twofold according to her works; in the cup that she mingled mingle to her double.
World English Bible
Return to her just as she returned, and repay her double as she did, and according to her works. In the cup which she mixed, mix to her double.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:7 originally had:
"glorified herself and lived in luxury, give"?
"glorified and exalted herself, give"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:7
Berean Literal Bible
So much as she has glorified herself and lived in luxury, give to her as much torment and misery, because in her heart she says, 'I sit as a queen, and I am never a widow, and never shall I see mourning.'
King James Bible
How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“Because of that in which she glorified and exalted herself, give such suffering and sorrow, for she said in her heart, 'I sit a queen, and I am not a widow and I shall not see sorrow.”
World English Bible
However much she glorified herself, and grew wanton, so much give her of torment and mourning. For she says in her heart, 'I sit a queen, and am no widow, and will in no way see mourning.'

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:8 originally mentioned "death"?
(The Crawford ms. lacks such, but does have twice a word that looks very similar to the Aramaic word for "death." The UBS erroneously has "death" in Rev 18:8.)

Going back to Revelation 6:8, do you think it's better understood as saying:
"kill with death"?
"kill with plague"?

Rev 18:8 (based on Glaser)
Because of this, in one day will come upon/over/against her
[m-kh-u-th-a] plagues/injuries
[m-kh-u-th-a] plagues/injuries
and mourning/sorrow and famine/hunger,
and are consumed/burned-up in fire
because of the strong/mighty/powerful MrYa [Master YHWH] that judges her.

Revelation 18:8
Because of this, in one day will come the
4127 plēgai/ πληγαὶ/ plagues
of her,
2288 thanatos/ θάνατος/ death
and
penthos/ πένθος/ misery
and
limos/ λιμός/ famine,
and with fire she will be burned up;
because mighty [is the]
Kyrios/ Κύριος/ Lord
the
Theos/ Θεὸς/ God
the [One] having judged her.

_L'influence de l'araméen sur les traducteurs de la LXX principalement, sur les traducteurs grecs postérieurs, ainsi que sur les scribes de la Vorlage de la LXX_ (French, with a "Conclusions" chapter in English) by Anne-Françoise Loiseau (2016), 261pp.
https://www.amazon.com/Linfluence-laram%...01M0PUT0T/
About the book:
Loiseau presents examples of Greek translations of verses from the Hebrew Bible that clearly illustrate the influence of Aramaic or Late Hebrew on the semantics of the Septuagint translators. The author postulates that the Greek translators based their translations on Hebrew-Aramaic equivalents maintained as lists or even on proto-targumim such as those found at Qumran, both predecessors of the later Aramaic targumic translations. Loiseau's examples provide convincing explanations for different coincidences occurring between the Greek translations and the interpretative traditions found in the targumim and help elucidate a number of puzzling translations where two Aramaic words that are very similar graphically or phonetically were erroneously interchanged.

On 252:
In the LXX the substantive λοιμός [loimos, Strong's 3061] "plague, pestilence" is never used to translate Hebrew רבֶדֶּ [deber, Strong's 1698], which has the same meaning. Indeed, this Hebrew word is nearly always translated by θάνατος [thanatos, Strong's 2288] "death"; this can be explained by the fact that in Aramaic the two words מותא [4 letters] "death" and ... [those same 4 letters + an additional letter] "plague" are quasi-homonyms (just as are Assyrian _muta_ and _mutanu_) and that in practically all cases where the "plague" is mentioned in the MT [Masoretic Text], it is translated by מותא [4 letters] "death" in the targum.

It seems to me that the Aramaic m-u-th-a "death" can mean "plague," despite the CAL only listing "death" as the definition.

"Hebrew/Aramaic Word Study -- Plague" by Chaim Bentorah (Mar 12, 2020)
https://www.chaimbentorah.com/2020/03/he...dy-plague/
MACHAL, MAUTA אתומ לחמ Mem Cheth Lamed Mem Vav Taw Aleph ....
Revelation 6:8: "And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death [better: plague; or per Glaser, poison -df], and with the beasts of the earth"
....and the pale horse bring death and hell. The word death in Greek is thanatos which is your common word for death but there are three occasions where the word is used for a plague. The Aramaic... which was the native language of John the Revelator, is mauta which means a plague.

1698. deber
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1698.htm
deber: pestilence
Original Word: רבֶדֶּ
Part of Speech: Noun Masculine
Transliteration: deber
Phonetic Spelling: (deh'-ber)
Definition: pestilence

mwt, mwtˀ (moṯ, maw/ōtā) n.m. death
http://dukhrana.com/lexicon/word.php?adr...ize=125%25
1 death Com. Nerab.1.10 ... may they kill you with a wicked death. TAD B2.3 R.3 ... I hereby grant you during my life and at my death. Ezra7:26 ... his punishment is to be done to him, be it for death, corporal punishment, fine of property, or imprisonment. PAT1417:1.5 ... that she erected for them after their death. NabTomb 9:6 ... should PN be in GN and have a fatal event. 4Q545.1.1.3... . TgJ 2Sam1:23 ... in their death they were not separated from their people. VR 794:2(1) ... since we did not attend him in his life, let us attend him in his death. TN Deut29:17 ... . OS MtCur16:28 ... there are people of those here today that shall not taste death. BT Yev 63a(41) ... is there something harder than death?. PJ Gen3:6 ... Samael, the angel of Death. (a) as an animate character, Death JLAtg, Syr.
Contra PSm col. 2057, there is no evidence that ... in Clr refers to "suicide". It is surely simply "a natural death". ....
Derivatives:
br mwtˀ (bar mawtā) n.m. deserving of death
mwtn, mwtnˀ (maw/ō/ūtān, maw/ō/ūtānā) n.m. plague, pestilence
mwtny (mawtānāy) adj. pestilential
plgwt mwtˀ (pālgūṯ mawtā) n.f. state of being half dead

_The Influence of Post-Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic on the Translator of Septuagint Isaiah_ (2017) by Seulgi Byun
https://www.amazon.com/Influence-Post-bi...567672387/

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:9 originally had:
"committed sexual immorality and lived luxuriously with her, will"?
"committed sexual immorality with her and exalted themselves, will"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:9
Berean Literal Bible
And the kings of the earth, the ones having committed sexual immorality and having lived luxuriously with her, will weep and will wail for her when they see the smoke of her burning,
King James Bible
And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning,
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the Kings of The Earth, who committed fornication with her and exalted themselves, will weep and wail concerning her, when they see the smoke of her burning,
Literal Standard Version
and the kings of the earth will weep over her and strike themselves for her, who committed whoredom and indulged with her, when they may see the smoke of her burning,
World English Bible
The kings of the earth, who committed sexual immorality and lived wantonly with her, will weep and wail over her, when they look at the smoke of her burning,

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:10 originally had:
"Woe, woe"?
"Woe, woe, woe"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:10
Berean Literal Bible
standing from afar because of the fear of her torment, saying: "Woe, woe, the great city, Babylon, the strong city! For in one hour your judgment has come."
King James Bible
Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas, that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
As they stand opposite from fear of her punishment, and they will say, “Woe, woe, woe, the great city Babylon! The Mighty city! For in one hour your judgment has come!”

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:13 originally had:
5 items here, or 4 items here, e.g.
"and cinnamon and spice and incense and myrrh and frankincense" vs.
"and cinnamon and perfumes and myrrh and incense"? (the Crawford ms. contains 4 items there)

"and wine and oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep and horses"?
"and wine and oil and fine flour and sheep and horses"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"Syntatic Double Translation in the _Targumin_" by Michael Carasik, 217-231, on 217-218, 229, in
_Aramaic in Postbiblical Judaism and Early Christianity: Papers from the 2004 National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Seminar at Duke University_ (2010), 300pp.
https://www.alibris.com/booksearch.detai...1575061788
It is by now a commonplace to speak of "double" translation in the Aramaic targums of the Hebrew Bible. In its simplest form, this involves "the rendition of a single verb or noun by a translational doublet." .... Michael Klein.... notes that many biblical phrases and longer passages are duplicated or even triplicated, in comparable but not identical language. ....as Martin McNamara points out, "The point in the double rendering may have been the targumist's desire to bring out the wealth of the [Hebrew text]." ....some verses in the Hebrew Bible can be grammatically parsed in more than one way. In such cases, the targum sometimes translates in accordance with _both_ possibilities. ....it is just as natural for a Jewish reader to look at the originally unpointed text of the Hebrew Bible and see it as deliberately open to multiple intended meanings. As we have noted in our discussion of Exod 17:9, it is sometimes possible to translate in a way that leaves the multiple possibilities open. More often, the shift to a new language demands that the translator choose a single one of the possible options. But the Jewish translators of the Bible into Aramaic sometimes refused to make this choice.

Revelation 18:13
Berean Literal Bible
and cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and myrrh, and frankincense;
and wine, and oil, and finest flour, and wheat;
and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots;
and of slaves and souls of men.
King James Bible
And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense,
and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat,
and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots,
and slaves, and souls of men.
Literal Standard Version
and cinnamon, and amomum, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense,
and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat,
and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots,
and of bodies and souls of men.

Rev 18:13 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search?
and cinnamon and perfumes and myrrh and incense
and wine and oil and fine flour
and sheep and horses and chariots
and the bodies and souls of men.

Rev 18:13 (based on Glaser)
and cinnamon and fragrance/perfume and ointment/oil and incense/frankincense
and wine and oil/ointment and fine flour
and sheep and harnessed horses and chariots
and bodies/flesh and souls/lives of sons of men.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:14 originally had:
"the fruits"?
"your fruits"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:14
Berean Literal Bible
"And the ripe fruits of the desire of your soul are departed from you, and all the sumptuous things and the splendid things have departed from you, and they will not find them any longer."
King James Bible
And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all.
Literal Standard Version
And the fruits of the desire of your soul went away from you, and all things—the sumptuous and the radiant—went away from you, and no more at all may you find them.
World English Bible
The fruits which your soul lusted after have been lost to you, and all things that were dainty and sumptuous have perished from you, and you will find them no more at all.

Rev 18:14 (APNT)
And your fruit, the desire of your soul, has gone away from you and everything luxurious and celebrated has gone away from you and you will not see them any more,

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:15 originally had:
"The merchants of these things, who were made rich by her, shall stand"?
"And the merchants of these things, who grew rich by her, will not find them, and they will stand"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:15
Berean Literal Bible
The merchants of these things having been enriched from her will stand from afar, weeping and mourning because of the fear of her torment,
King James Bible
The merchants of these things, which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment, weeping and wailing,
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the merchants of these things, who grew rich by her, will not find them, and they will stand opposite from fear of her punishment, weeping and lamenting,
Literal Standard Version
The merchants of these things, who were made rich by her, will stand far off because of the fear of her torment, weeping, and mourning,
World English Bible
The merchants of these things, who were made rich by her, will stand far away for the fear of her torment, weeping and mourning;

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:21 originally had:
"And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone"?
"And one of the angels took a mighty stone, great as a millstone"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:21
Berean Literal Bible
And one mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone and cast it into the sea, saying: "Thus Babylon will be cast down with violence, the great city, and shall never be found any longer.
King James Bible
And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And one of the Angels took a mighty stone, great as a millstone, and cast it into the sea and said, “In this way with violence, Babylon The Great City will be thrown down, and it will not exist again!”
Literal Standard Version
And one strong messenger took up a stone as a great millstone, and cast [it] into the sea, saying, “Thus with violence will Babylon be cast, the great city, and may not be found anymore at all;

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:22 originally had:
"will not be heard in you again. And any craftsmen of any craft shall never be found in you any longer, and the sound of a millstone shall never be heard in you any longer"?
"will not be heard in you again"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:22
Berean Literal Bible
And the sound of harpists and musicians, and flute players and trumpeters, shall never be heard in you any longer. And any craftsmen of any craft shall never be found in you any longer, and the sound of a millstone shall never be heard in you any longer.
King James Bible
And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more at all in thee; and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee;
Literal Standard Version
and voice of harpists, and musicians, and pipers, and trumpeters, may not be heard at all in you anymore; and any craftsman of any craft may not be found at all in you anymore; and noise of a millstone may not be heard at all in you anymore;

Rev 18:22 (APNT)
And the sound of the harp and of the shofar and of all kinds of music and trumpeters will not be heard in you any more.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 18:24 originally had:
"the blood of prophets and of saints, and of all that were slain on the earth"?
"the blood of prophets and of saints who were slain on earth"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 18:24
Berean Literal Bible
And in her was found the blood of prophets and of saints and of all those having been slain on the earth.
King James Bible
And in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And in her was found the blood of The Prophets and Holy Men who were murdered on Earth.
Literal Standard Version
and in her blood of prophets and of holy ones was found, and of all those who have been slain on the earth.”
World English Bible
In her was found the blood of prophets and of saints, and of all who have been slain on the earth."

Rev 18:24 (APNT)
and the blood of the prophets and the holy [ones] who were killed on the earth was found in her."

Revelation 18:24 - In her the blood has been found from the prophets and the saints who were killed on earth."
And of the saints ... are - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta reading. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is: "And of the saints and all who are slaughtered on earth."
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RE: _The Peshitta Holy Bible_ translated by David Bauscher - by DavidFord - 06-30-2021, 11:54 PM

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