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_The Peshitta Holy Bible_ translated by David Bauscher
#46
Revelation 8:2 - And I saw [the seven angels] who stood before GOD and were given [seven ram's horns].
       ram's horns - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The Greek NA28, MHT and TR read: "Trumpets." The word "ram's horn" occurs 7 times in the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta of the book of Revelation, in 7 verses; 3 times in the plural and 4 times in the singular.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 8:7 originally had:
"first sounded his trumpet, and"?
"first angel sounded, and"?
"first sounded, and"?  (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"hail and fire mixed with water"?
"hail and fire mixed with blood"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)
 
"a third of the earth burned"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"all green grass was burned"?
"all grass of The Earth burned"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 8:7
Berean Literal Bible
And the first sounded _his_ trumpet, and there was hail and fire having been mixed with blood, and it was cast upon the earth. And a third of the earth was burned up, and a third of the trees were burned up, and all _the_ green grass was burned up.
King James Bible
The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood, and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the first sounded, and there was hail and fire mixed with water, and they were cast upon The Earth, and the third of The Earth was burned, and a third of the trees burned, and all the grass of The Earth burned.

Revelation 8:7 - [The first blew loudly,] and there came hail and fire mixed with water, and they were thrown to the earth and a third of the earth burned and a third of the trees burned and all the grass of the earth burned.
       The first - in the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28, MHT the word 'angel' is missing, as with the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th angel (the word 'angel' only appears for the first time with the 6th angel in Rev. 9:13 and by the 7th angel in Rev. 11:15). In the reading of the Greek TR, the word "angel" is everywhere and has probably been added for clarification.
       water - only from the Aramean Peshitta does the reading "water". The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is "blood". In Ez. 38:22 we find "pestilence" combined with "rain, hail and fire" as parts of God's judgment. In Ps. 105: 32 we find rain, hail, and fire as parts of the seventh plague on Egypt, though at that plague in the text of Ex. 9:13-35 the rain is not mentioned as special. Yet all this indicates that the Aramean Peshitta may have the correct text: "with water". ....
       and a third of the earth burned - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. These words are only missing from the reading of the Greek TR.  ....
       all the grass of the earth - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "all the green grass". 

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 8:8 originally had:
"mountain burning with fire"?
"burning mountain"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"was thrown"?
"fell"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 8:8 
King James Bible
And the second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea: and the third part of the sea became blood;
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the second sounded, and there was as a great burning mountain falling into the sea and a third of The Sea became blood.

Revelation 8:8 - [The second blew loudly,] and there was (something) like a great burning mountain falling into the sea, and a third of the sea became blood,
       like a great burning mountain - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek MHT. The Greek NA28 and TR read: "something like a great mountain burning with fire."
       fell - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "was thrown."

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 8:9 originally had:
"third part of... third part of"?
"third of ... third of"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 8:9
New International Version
a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed.
King James Bible
And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And a third of all creatures that were in the Sea that had breath, died, and a third of ships was destroyed.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 8:10 originally had:
"third angel sounded"?
"third sounded"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"burning like a torch"?
"burning like a flame"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 8:10
New International Version
The third angel sounded his trumpet, and a great star, blazing like a torch, fell from the sky on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water--
King James Bible
And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters;
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the third sounded, and a great burning star fell from the sky like a blaze and it fell on a third of the rivers and upon the springs of water,

Rev 8:10 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And the third [angel] sounded and a large star fell from heaven that was burning as a flame and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the fountains of waters.

Revelation 8:10 - [The third blew loudly,] and a great star fell from heaven burning like a flame of fire, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water.
       like a flame of fire - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is "like a torch."

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 8:11 originally had:
"third part of"?
"third of"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 8:11
New International Version
the name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters turned bitter, and many people died from the waters that had become bitter.
King James Bible
And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the name of the star is called Absinthian and a third of the water became like Absinthe and a multitude of people died because the waters were made toxic.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 8:12 originally had:
"fourth angel sounded"?
"fourth sounded"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"third part of the sun"?
"third of the sun"?

Revelation 8:12
New International Version
The fourth angel sounded his trumpet, and a third of the sun was struck, a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of them turned dark. A third of the day was without light, and also a third of the night.
King James Bible
And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the fourth sounded and a third of the Sun was devoured and a third of the moon and a third of the stars, and a third of them became dark, and a third of the day did not appear, and the night likewise.

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Do you think Revelation 8:13 originally had:
"And I beheld, and heard"?
"And I heard"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"heard an angel"?
"heard an eagle"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"said in a loud voice"?
"said"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 8:13
New International Version
As I watched, I heard an eagle that was flying in midair call out in a loud voice: "Woe! Woe! Woe to the inhabitants of the earth, because of the trumpet blasts about to be sounded by the other three angels!"
King James Bible
And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of the earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, which are yet to sound!
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I heard an eagle flying in the sky, which said, "Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabitants of The Earth from the sound of the trumpets of the three Angels who are going to sound!"

Revelation 8:13 - And I heard an eagle flying across the sky, saying, “[Woe, woe, woe] to those who dwell on the earth because of the sound of the [ram's horns] of the three angels who will (yet) sound.
       And I heard - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The Greek NA28, MHT and TR read: "And I saw and heard."
       an eagle - this is the reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT and of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek TR and some other manuscripts reads: "an angel."
       who said ... - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is "who said in a loud voice".

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:2 originally had:
"And he opened the abyss, and smoke arose"?
"And smoke arose"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"smoke of a great furnace"?
"smoke of a burning furnace"?
"smoke of a great heated furnace"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:2
New International Version
When he opened the Abyss, smoke rose from it like the smoke from a gigantic furnace. The sun and sky were darkened by the smoke from the Abyss.
King James Bible
And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.
World English Bible
He opened the pit of the abyss, and smoke went up out of the pit, like the smoke from a burning furnace. The sun and the air were darkened because of the smoke from the pit.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And smoke came up from the pit like the smoke of a great furnace which was heated, and the Sun and the air were darkened by the smoke of the pit.

Revelation 9:2 - And smoke came up out of the pit, like the smoke of a great heated furnace, and the sun and the sky were darkened by the smoke of the pit.
       and smoke rose from the well - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The Greek NA28, MHT, and TR read, "And he opened the pit of the abyss, and smoke rose from the pit."
       a large, heated furnace - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The Greek MHT reads, "a burning furnace," and the Greek NA28 and TR reads, "a great furnace."

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:4 originally literally had:
"on their foreheads"?
"between their eyes"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:4 - They were told not to harm the grass of the earth, any greenery or any tree, but only those people who did not have the seal of GOD on their foreheads.
       green - see the note to Op. 6: 8 about "pale".
       on their foreheads - the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "on their foreheads", and the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta literally reads: "between their eyes".

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How do you think Revelation 9:10 originally read?

Revelation 9:10
Berean Literal Bible
And they have tails and stingers like scorpions, 
and their power to injure men for five months _is_ in their tails.
Literal Standard Version
and they have tails like to scorpions, 
and stings were in their tails; 
and their authority [is] to injure men five months;
King James Bible
And they had tails like unto scorpions,
and there were stings in their tails:
and their power was to hurt men five months.
World English Bible
They have tails like those of scorpions,
and stings. In their tails
they have power to harm men for five months.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And they had tails like scorpions
and a sting in their tails,
and their authority is to hurt people for five months.

APNT 
And they had tails like a scorpion 
and stings in their tails 
and their authority [was] to hurt men [for] five months.

Revelation 9:10 - and they had tails like scorpions, and had a stinger in their tail. And they had power to harm the people for five months (long).
       And they had power ... five months ... - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek MHT reads: "And they had power in their tails to harm men, five months ... '' The reading of the Greek NA28 and TR reads: to inflict, five months ... '

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:11 originally had:
"Abaddon in Hebrew... Apollyon in Greek"?
"Abaddo in Hebrew... Shara in Aramaic"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:11
King James Bible
And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And there is a King over them, the Angel of The Abyss, whose name in Hebrew is Avadu, and in Aramaic his name is Shara.

Revelation 9:11 - They had a king over them, the angel of the abyss. His name is "Abaddo" in Hebrew and "Shara" in Aramaic.
       explanation - the text gives the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "They had over them as king the angel of the abyss, in Hebrew his name is Abaddon and in Greek he has the name Apollion.' The Hebrew name 'Abaddo' or 'Abaddon' probably stands for 'slave' or 'servant'. The Aramaic name "Shara" probably means "strong" or "faithful". The Greek names Abaddon and Apollion, which we find in the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR (while the Aramaic names are missing), both mean "destroyer".

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:15 originally had:
"third part of"
"third of"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:15
King James Bible
And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And those four Angels were released who were prepared for an hour and for a day and for a month and for a year, to kill a third of the children of men.

Revelation 9:15 - The four angels, who stood ready for the hour and the day and the month and the year, were released to kill a third of the people.
       a third - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of... reads: "a third part".

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:17 originally had:
"fire and brimstone and smoke"?
"fire and smoke and brimstone"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"jacinth"?
"chalcedony"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:17
King James Bible
And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and them that sat on them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone: and the heads of the horses were as the heads of lions; and out of their mouths issued fire and smoke and brimstone.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And in this way I saw the horses in a vision, and those sitting upon them had breastplates of fire and Chalcedony brimstone, and the heads of the horses were like the heads of lions, and fire and brimstone and smoke proceeded from their mouths.

Revelation 9:17, based on Greg Glaser's interlinear of Crawford, dukhrana.com
And to those sitting/seats upon them having armor/pulses/joints of fire/mirror and chalcedony. 
And the skulls of sulphur/brimstone of their harnessed horses [were] like skulls of lions. 
And from their mouths/entrances/edges/swords goes out fire and sulfur/brimstone and smoke.

Revelation 9:17 - So I saw the horses in the vision, and those who sat on them had fire (red), chalcedony (blue), and sulfur (yellow) armor of the breasts and the horses 'heads were like lions' heads and came out of their beaks fire and brimstone and smoke.
       chalcedon [(blue)] - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. Chalcedony is a gemstone with a color close to hyacinth blue. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is "hyacinth".
       fire and brimstone and smoke - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads, "fire and smoke and brimstone," a slightly different order, also in vs. 18.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:18 originally had:
"a third part"?
"a third"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"fire... smoke... sulfur"?
"fire... sulfur... smoke"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:18 
New International Version
A third of mankind was killed by the three plagues of fire, smoke and sulfur that came out of their mouths.
King James Bible
By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And by these three scourges a third of the children of men were killed: by the fire, by the brimstone and by the smoke that proceeded from their mouths,

Revelation 9:18 - These three plagues killed a third of the people: by the fire and by the sulfur and by the smoke that came out of their basins.
       a third - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the... TR reads: "a third part".
       through the fire and through the sulfur and through the smoke - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT, and TR reads, "through the fire and the smoke and the sulfur," a slightly different order, also in vs. 17.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:19 originally had:
"For their power is in their mouth"?
"For the power of the horses [was] in their mouth"?  (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"their tails, for their tails are like serpents with heads, and with them they do harm"? 
"their tails"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:19 
New International Version
The power of the horses was in their mouths and in their tails; for their tails were like snakes, having heads with which they inflict injury.
King James Bible
For their power is in their mouth, and in their tails: for their tails were like unto serpents, and had heads, and with them they do hurt.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Because the power of the horses was in their mouths, and also in their tails.

Rev 9:19 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
because the power of the horses [was] in their mouth[s] and also in their tails.

Revelation 9:19 - For the power of the horses is in their jaws and also in their tails.
       For the power of the horses - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. The reading of the Greek TR is the reading: "For their power ...".
       in their beaks and in their tails - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The Greek NA28, MHT, and TR read: "In their mouths and in their tails, for their tails are like serpents with heads, and with them they do harm."

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:20 originally had:
"stone and wood"?
"wood and stone"?  (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:20 
King James Bible
And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk:
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the rest of the children of men who were not killed by the scourges did not turn from the work of their hands to not worship Devils and idols of gold, of silver and of brass, and of wood and of stone, which do not see, neither hear, nor are able to walk.

Revelation 9:20 - The rest of the people who were not killed by these plagues did not turn from the work of their hands because of the evil spirits and the idols of gold, silver, brass, wood, and stone that do not see and hear and don't walk, to worship,
       wooden and stones - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is just the other way around: "stones and wooden".

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 9:21 originally had:
"murders... sorceries... sexual immorality... thefts"?
"murders... drug use... sexual immorality"?
"murders... sorceries... sexual immorality"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 9:21 
New International Version
Nor did they repent of their murders, their magic arts, their sexual immorality or their thefts.
King James Bible
Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And they did not turn from their murders or from their witchcraft or from their fornication.

Rev 9:21 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And they did not repent of their murders or of their sorceries or of their fornication.

Revelation 9:21 - And they did not repent of their murders and of their sorceries and of their fornication.
       sorceries - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta and the Greek NA28 and TR. The first meaning of the linguistic root associated with it has the meaning of "to be mute" or "to be numb." When someone is under a spell, he is speechless. Just like someone is in a trance, because in both cases someone else takes over the control of your consciousness. Therefore, there is also a linguistic connection with "stiffening" or "being petrified" or "dumbfounded. Only in the reading of the Greek MHT do we find the word "medicines" or "drugs" instead of "sorcery". [is that right?] But we can place "medicines" and "drugs", and certainly the latter, when we "fall into a trance" or, if necessary, "hallucinate". At this time they are sometimes referred to as "zombies". Enchanted people are therefore "zombies".
       and of their fornication - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads below: "and of their thefts".

Do you think Rev 9:10 originally spoke of:
the use and administering of drugs?
the use of drugs to poison?
φαρμάκων/ φαρμακιῶν to be understood as Greek with a semitic-language-derived meaning of 'sorcery and black magic'?

google translate to some words at
https://biblehub.com/texts/revelation/9-21.htm
φαρμάκων drugs
φαρμακιῶν pharmacists

Pulpit Commentary on Galatians 5:20
https://biblehub.com/commentaries/galatians/5-20.htm
Verse 20. - Idolatry, witchcraft (εἰδωλολατρεία φαρμακεία); idolatry, sorcery.  .... "Sorcery." The word φαρμακεία, originally denoting the use of drugs merely, means, sometimes, their use for poisoning; but this sense would not be very suitable here. But the nouns φαρμακός, φαρμακεύς, and φαρμακεία, like veneficus and veneficium in Latin, are also often used with reference to the employment of drugs in charms and incantations; and thence of the employment of black arts in general - magic, sorcery, witchcraft; cf. Revelation 9:21; Revelation 21:8; Revelation 22:15; where the Authorized Version gives "sorceries," "sorcerers;" and in the Septuagint, Exodus 7:11, 22; Exodus 8:18 (Authorized Version, "magicians"); Isaiah 47:9, 12 ("enchantments").

Strong's G5331 - pharmakeia 
https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lex...ongs=g5331
3x in 3 unique form(s) TR
3x in 3 unique form(s) LXX ....
Outline of Biblical Usage
the use or the administering of drugs
poisoning
sorcery, magical arts, often found in connection with idolatry and fostered by it
metaph. the deceptions and seductions of idolatry
.... φαρμακεία pharmakeía, far-mak-i'-ah; from G5332; medication ("pharmacy"), i.e. (by extension) magic (literally or figuratively):—sorcery, witchcraft.

Thayer's Greek Lexicon 
STRONGS NT 5331: φαρμακεία
φαρμακεία (WH κια, so T (except in Galatians 5:20; cf. the Proleg., p. 88); see Iota), φαρμακείας, ἡ (φαρμακεύω);
a. the use or the administering of drugs (Xenophon, mem. 4, 2, 17).
b. poisoning (Plato, Polybius, others): Revelation 9:21 (here WH text Tr marginal reading φαρμακῶν; many interpretations refer the passage to the next entry).
c. sorcery, magical arts, often found in connection with idolatry and fostered by it: Galatians 5:20 (where see Lightfoot) (Wis. 12:4 Wis. 18:13; for כְּשָׁפִים, Isaiah 47:9; for לָטִים, Exodus 7:22; Exodus 8:18; for לְהָטִים, Exodus 7:11); tropically, of the deceptions and seductions of idolatry, Revelation 18:23.

////////////////
A Student's Guide to New Testament Textual Variants, 1 minor tweak
http://bible.ovc.edu/terry/tc/lay30rev.htm
Revelation 9:21:
TEXT: "not repent of their murders nor of their sorcerous drugs nor"
EVIDENCE: p47 S C 1006 1611 1854 Maj(K,B) cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: none
RANK: C

NOTES: "not repent of their murders nor of their sorceries nor"
EVIDENCE: A P 046 1 94 2053 2344 Maj(A,C) syr(p,h) most cop(south)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV

OTHER: "not repent of their murders nor"
EVIDENCE: two lat one cop(south)

COMMENTS: There are only one or two letters' (depending on how "sorceries" is spelled) difference between "sorcerous drugs" and "sorceries."

////////////////
http://dukhrana.com/lexicon/word.php?adr...ize=125%25
1  black magic arts, sorcery ....
her sorceries are many .... dogs of sorcery .... the Egyptian sorcerers also did it with their sorcery .... her many sorceries .... he led the people astray with his sorcery .... to overturn sorcery and magical practices .... a man must not bewitch grooms and brides with sorcery.
2  incantations  Syr. (a) magical devices containing incantations ....
he buries incantations against him in a place and damages him.

http://dukhrana.com/peshitta/analyze_ver...ize=125%25
1  prostitution, fornication ....
debauchery, destructive acts, and fornication in it ....
2  fig. : unfaithfulness to God  ....
Zimri, because of his whoring, twenty-four thousand of Israel fell....
(a) proper punishment thereof ....
they shall wander in this desert for forty years and receive the punishment for their whoring.
Reply
#47
How do you think Rev 1:4's "from...." originally read?

The Greek reads
"ἀπὸ ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόµενος," literally
"from He is, He was, and He is coming."
One scribal emendation of the Greek reads,
"ἀπὸ Θεοῦ, ὁ ὢν...."
while another scribal emendation reads,
"ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁ ὢν...."

The Aramaic literally reads,
"from He who-was/who-had,
and He who-is/who-has being,
and He who-comes/who-signs."

Rev 1:4 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
John, to the seven churches that [are] in Asia:
Grace [be] to you and peace
from him who is and was and comes
and from the seven spirits that are before his throne

Revelation 1:4 (based on Glaser)
John, to the seven assemblies,
them who are in Asia,
t-y-b-u-th-a [blessings] to you a'sh-y-n-a [and peace/harmony] m-n [from]
h-u [He] who-was/who-had
a'h-u [and He] who-is/who-has h-u-a [being]
a'h-u [and He] who-comes/who-signs,
and from seven spirits,
these of before the throne-- His own.

/////////////
_The Revelation of John: Volume I_ by William Barclay (1976), 183pp., 30
https://dannychesnut.com/Bible/Barclay/R...rt%20I.htm

Rev. 1:4-6 ....we must look at it in the Greek.... We translate the first phrase _from him who is_; but that is not what the Greek says. A Greek noun is in the nominative case when it is the subject of a sentence, but, when it is governed by a preposition it changes its case and _its form_. It is so in English. _He_ is the subject of a sentence; _him_ is the object. When John says that the blessing comes _from him who is_ he should have put _him who is_ in the genitive case after the preposition; but quite ungrammatically he leaves it in the nominative. It is as if we said in English _from he who is_, refusing to change _he_ into _him_. ....

John is not finished with his amazing use of language. The second phrase is _from him who was_. Literally, John says _from the he was_. The point is that _who was_ would be in Greek a participle. The odd thing is that the verb _eimi_ (GSN1510) (_to be_) has no past participle. Instead there is used the participle _genomenos_ from the verb _gignomai_, which means not only _to be_ but also _to become_. ....John... uses a Greek phrase that is grammatically impossible and that no one ever used before.

/////////////
"Semitic Influence in the Use of New Testament Greek
Prepositions: The Case of the Book of Revelation" (2017) by Laurențiu Florentin Moț, 44-66, on 52, 54
https://www.alankurschner.com/2017/08/08...evelation/
5.1 Ἀπό Followed by the Nominative
Revelation 1:4 is probably the most common verse to illustrate solecisms in Revelation and it happens to involve a preposition. John sends greetings ἀπὸ ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόµενος, literally “from He is, He was, and He is coming.” The preposition ἀπὸ is followed by a nominative phrase, not by the expected genitive case.
This rendition has the consensus of [snip a Gothic-looking P]^18, א , A, C, P, and 2050
and there is no doubt that it is original. Later scribes tried to save the grammar by two types of corrections: ἀπὸ Θεοῦ, ὁ ὢν (the Majority Text, GOC, RPT, and BYZ) and ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁ ὢν (Textus Receptus, STE, TBT, SCR, and MGK). ....John is aware of the rule and implements it effectively. He never uses the preposition ἀπό with a case other than the required genitive in 35 instances, apart from 1:4a.

"Revelations from the _apparatus criticus_ of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism can help Historians" by J.K. Elliott, 23pp., on 14
https://usqr.utsnyc.edu/wp-content/uploa...lliott.pdf
2.) IMPROVING STRANGE GRAMMAR
Related in several respects to the variants listed under (1) above are those variants where alleged breaches of normal grammar are detected and which may therefore
indicate their primitiveness.
1:4
απο+ nominative
απο ο ων P18_vid_ א.01 A.02 C.04 P.025 must have looked bizarre to a literary-minded scribe. Improvements were either
+ θεου Maj
+ κυριου (according to Tischendorf) 2016
+ του 61mg 385.

re: "θεου":
Revelation 1:4 (World English Bible)
....from God, who is and who was and who is to come....

re: "του":
3588. ho, hé, to
https://biblehub.com/greek/3588.htm
Original Word: ὁ, ἡ, τό
Part of Speech: Definite Article
Transliteration: ho, hé, to
Phonetic Spelling: (ho)
Definition: the
Usage: the, the definite article.

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/1-4.htm
kai/ καὶ/ and
eirēnē/ εἰρήνη/ peace
apo/ ἀπὸ/ from
ho/ ὁ
ōn/ ὢν/ being
kai/ καὶ/ and
ho/ ὁ
ēn/ ἦν/ was
kai/ καὶ/ and
ho/ ὁ
erchomenos/ ἐρχόμενος/ is coming

3739. hos, hé, ho
https://biblehub.com/greek/3739.htm
hos, hé, ho: usually rel. who, which, that, also demonstrative this, that
Original Word: ὅς, ἥ, ὅ
Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Transliteration: hos, hé, ho
Phonetic Spelling: (hos)
Definition: usually rel. who, which, that, also demonstrative this, that
Usage: who, which, what, that.

==================================================
Do you think Revelation 2:27 originally had:
"shepherd them with a rod of iron"?
"rule them with a rod of iron"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"The Language of the Apocalypse" (1965) by C.G. Ozanne. PDF: https://legacy.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/L...alypse.pdf
....Revelation 2:27: ‘And He will shepherd (ποιμανεῖ) them with an iron staff, as when earthen pots are broken in pieces' (cf. 12:5; 19:15). The proper meaning of ποιμαίνω is 'tend, pasture, guide', but clearly this sense is inappropriate in the context of the Apocalypse.

Revelation 2:26-27 (Berean Literal)
And the _one_ overcoming and keeping My works until _the_ end,
I will give to him authority over the nations,
and he will shepherd them with a rod of iron,
as the vessels of the potter are broken in pieces--
just as I also have received from My Father.

Revelation 2:27 (Aramaic to Dutch to English)
- to rule them with a rod of iron,
and like a potter's jars you shall crush them:
for so also have I received from my Father,
will you shatter them - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta according to Bauscher, which is confirmed by the African Peshitta translation and by the grammatical analysis of the Aramaic verb. Other Peshitta translations read: 'shall they be shattered', but in our opinion that translation is not correct.
for so also have I received it from my Father--several commentators associate these words with Ps. 2:8-9.

Rev 2:26-27 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And he who overcomes and keeps my works,
to him I will give authority over the nations
TO RULE THEM WITH A ROD OF IRON
AND AS VESSELS OF A POTTER, THEY WILL BE BROKEN.
For thus I received from my Father.

Revelation, based on Greg Glaser's interlinear of Crawford, dukhrana.com
2.26 And he conquering and guarding/keeping my work
I give to him authority regarding/over peoples/nations
2.27 to be breaking them in a staff/rod of iron
and like hollow/hard-clay vessels you pound/grind them in this manner
for and/also I have taken/received from my Father.

Revelation 2:27
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/2-27.htm
kai/ καὶ/ and
4165 poimanei/ ποιμανεῖ/ he will shepherd
them with
4464 rhabdō/ ῥάβδῳ/ a rod
of iron as the vessels [of] the potter are broken in pieces
just as I also have received from the
Patros/ Πατρός/ Father
mou/ μου/ of Me

4165. poimainó
https://biblehub.com/greek/4165.htm
poimainó: to act as a shepherd
Original Word: ποιμαίνω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: poimainó
Phonetic Spelling: (poy-mah'-ee-no)
Definition: to act as a shepherd
Usage: I shepherd, tend, herd; hence: I rule, govern.
HELPS Word-studies
Cognate: 4165 poimaínō – properly, to shepherd, caring for (protecting) the flock.

rˁy vb. to feed, to graze
http://dukhrana.com/lexicon/word.php?adr...ize=125%25
G
1 to feed, to graze ....
the calf, the bull, and the lion shall graze together. .... the ox and the bear will graze together .... a prickly (creeping animal), with thin legs, and it grazes among the brambles. (a) fig. : of disease on a body
.... the rot was already eating away at his body.
2 to tend flocks ....
he was herding his possessions and reached Sodom. .... let the one who has (one) ox tend (the other oxen one) day .... I tend the small cattle and sheep. ....
3 metaph.: to govern, to be in charge
.... from you emerges a shepherd, that one who shall tend my congregation Israel. .... I shall be in charge of them until they complete the allotted time.
4 to be tended Syr.
C
1 to tend ....
Gt
1 to be grazed, tended....
the poor shall be tended by him. .... suckling goats are grazed.

=====================================
Do you think Revelation 21:8 originally had:
"Τοῖς δὲ δειλοῖς" [but to _the_ cowardly]?

"The Language of the Apocalypse" (1965) by C.G. Ozanne. PDF: https://legacy.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/L...alypse.pdf
An example of the dative where the nominative casus pendens would be expected occurs in Revelation 21:8: ‘But as for the cowardly . . . (τοῖς δὲ δειλοῖς),' This construction, which is otherwise unknown to Greek, corresponds to the Hebrew lāmed (normally ‘to’) when used to introduce a new subject. This usage occurs several times in the books of Chronicles, an example being 1 Chronicles 26:1: 'As for the divisions (le maִhle qôt) of the gatekeepers' (RSV).

1 Chronicles 26:1
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/1_chronicles/26-1.htm
lə·maḥ·lə·qō·wṯ/ לְמַחְלְק֖וֹת/ Concerning the divisions
lə·šō·‘ă·rîm/ לְשֹׁעֲרִ֑ים/ of the gatekeepers

Revelation 21:8 (Berean Literal)
https://biblehub.com/revelation/21-8.htm
But to _the_ cowardly and unbelieving and having become abominable and murderers and the sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their portion _is_ in the lake burning with fire and brimstone, which is the second death."

Revelation 21:8 (based on Greg Glaser's interlinear of Crawford, dukhrana.com)
D-y-n [and/but-- 'd-y-n' is a 'thought switcher' in Aramaic] l'q-n-u-t-th-n-a [to the fearful/secure] and not trusting and wicked/lawless and polluters/defiled/corrupted and murderers/killers and sorcerers/enchanters and fornicators/whores and idolatrous workers and all of them liars,
their portion in the burning lake of fire/mirror and sulfur/brimstone that of having it death second/dragon.

Revelation 21:8
http://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/21-8.htm
3588 Tois/ Τοῖς
1161 de/ δὲ
deilois/ δειλοῖς/ to the cowardly

3588. ho, hé, to
https://biblehub.com/greek/3588.htm
ho, hé, to: the
Original Word: ὁ, ἡ, τό
Part of Speech: Definite Article
Transliteration: ho, hé, to
Phonetic Spelling: (ho)
Definition: the
Usage: the, the definite article.

1161. de
https://biblehub.com/greek/1161.htm
de: but, and, now, (a connective or adversative particle)
Original Word: δέ
Part of Speech: Conjunction
Transliteration: de
Phonetic Spelling: (deh)
Definition: but, and, now, (a connective or adversative particle)
Usage: a weak adversative particle, generally placed second in its clause; but, on the other hand, and.
Reply
#48
mistranslation at Mt 12:11

The Greek Mt 12:11 mistranslated the original Aramaic as having "to wake, to rouse" a sheep that had fallen into a pit. A better rendition of the Aramaic would be "preserve the life" of the sheep.

"The New Testament and Rabbinic Hebrew" by Jan Joosten, in _The New Testament and Rabbinic Literature (Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism)_ (2010), 569pp., 333-348, on 338
https://silo.pub/the-new-testament-and-r...daism.html
Raising a sheep?
A philological detail in the Gospel text that has drawn relatively little attention is the use of the verb ἐγείρω with reference to a sheep fallen into a pit. Having been asked whether it is licit to heal on the Sabbath, Jesus brings an example:
Matt 12:11 ....καὶ _ἐγερεῖ_;
He said to them, “Suppose one of you has only one sheep and it falls into a pit on the sabbath, will you not lay hold of it, and _lift it out_?” (NRSV)

The translation of the NRSV, although contextually serviceable, does not accurately render the Greek text. The verb ἐγείρω means “to wake, to rouse,” and hence “to raise, to help to rise” (in intransitive usage: “to rise”). It is not the _mot juste_ in the present context. To put it somewhat simplistically, when a sheep falls into a pit, its problem is not that it is in a fallen position but that it is stuck in the pit. Consequently, one will not “raise it up,” but “pull it out,” or “lift it out.” Most translations, ancient and modern, disregard the Greek, in fact, substituting more suitable expressions.20
20 Partly, the translations may reflect the parallel text in Luke 14:5 where the verb ἀνασπάω, “to pull out,” is used (see below in the excursus).

qwm vb. a/u to rise; to stand; to last
http://dukhrana.com/lexicon/word.php?adr...ize=125%25
G
1 to rise Com. --(a) to prevail BA-Da. (a.1) to recover from an illness JBA. --(b) to rise to an occasion Palm, Hat. --(c ) to rise from sleep, wake up Qum, Syr, JBA.
2 to stand, to be raised up ....
D .... 4 to preserve JLAtg. --(a) to preserve life JLAtg, PTA, Sam, LJLA.
Reply
#49
_The Christian Prophets and the Prophetic Apocalypse_ (1900), 277pp. by Edward Carus Selwyn, on 258-263, an entire chapter
https://archive.org/details/christianprophet00selwiala
https://books.google.com/books?id=a_4rAAAAYAAJ
_Solecisms of the Seer's Greek._
THE solecisms, or grammatical errors, of the Seer pervade every page of Ap, and not only distinguish it from every book of the Bible except 2 Jn and 3 Jn, but serve as a guarantee for the unity of its authorship in its present form, for they are more or less regular and recurrent irregularities. One of the strongest points of Vischer's hypothesis is that it fully recognises their ubiquity, and accounts for this by the theory that the book as we have it was translated from Hebrew into Greek, and at the same time interpolated by one and the same hand. And in fact their ubiquity finally disposes of every theory which would represent Ap as composed by different Greek writers at different times from 68 onwards.

In order to give the English reader some idea of the extent of these blunders, which are such that they would disgrace the exercise of an English fifth-form school-boy, an attempt is here made to reproduce some specimens. We may grant that one or two are intentional ; but it is undeniable that most are hopelessly bad Greek, and serve no purpose of the author whatever. There are very many besides (see Art. 'Apocalypse' in _Encyclopaedia Biblica_) ; some are not reproducible without too great an effort of language.

i 4 from he that is and the was and he that cometh.
i 5 and from Jesus Christ, he who is the true witness.
ii 18 [20] thou allowest thy wife Jezebel, she who calls herself prophetess.
iii 12 He that overcometh I will make him a pillar.
iii 12 The name of the new Jerusalem, she that cometh down...
vii The number of them was 10,000 times 10,000, they saying,...
vi i And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seals.
vii 4 And I heard the number of them that had been sealed, 144,000, they that had been sealed from every tribe.
vii 9 Behold a great multitude, which no man could number it [this Hebraism occurs often],... they standing before the throne and before the Lamb, them clothed with white garments, and palms in their hands.
viii 9 And there died the third part of sea-creatures, they that had life.

ix 14 I heard one voice from the horns of the golden altar before God, a man saying to the sixth angel, he that hath the trumpet.
x 8 And the voice which I heard from heaven again speaking with me and saying...
xi i And there was given me a reed like a rod, which saith...
xiv 6[-7] And I saw another angel flying... he which saith...
xiv 12 Here is the endurance of the saints, they which keep the commandments...
xiv 14 And upon the cloud one sitting likened a Son of Man.
xvi 12 And its water was dried up, that the way of the kings may be prepared.
xvii 8 And they that dwell on the earth shall be astonished, ...of those which see the beast...
xviii 12 their merchandise of gold and of silver &c....and every (accusative case) wood &c....and of horses &c., and souls (accusative case) of men.
xix 6 [20:2] And he subdued the dragon, he that is the serpent.
xxi 27 And there shall not enter into it anything that is unclean and he who maketh abomination and falsehood, except they whose names &c....
iv 7 And the third living thing, a man having the face as of a human being.
v 6 A lamb, a thing standing as slain, a man having seven heads....

v 6 which are the seven spirits of God, men sent into all the earth.
v 13 and all things in them, I heard men saying...
ix 4 [5] that they may not kill them, but that they shall be tormented.
xi 15 And there were great voices in heaven, men saying...
xvii 3 I saw a woman seated on to a scarlet beast, a man full of names of blasphemy, he having seven heads....
xvii 16 And the ten heads which thou sawest and the beast, these men shall hate the harlot.
iii 2 Stablish the last things which was about to die.
iii 4 A few names in Sardis which has not defiled their garments.
iv 5 Seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which is the Seven Spirits.
iv 8 The four living things is full of eyes...
iv 14 The four living things was saying Amen.
ix 20 The devils and the idols... which is not able to see &c.
xi 13 There was killed in the earthquake 7,000 names of men.
xv 4 Because thy just sentences was declared.
xvi 14 For they is spirits of devils doing signs.
xviii 3 For all the nations has drunk of the wine
xviii 23 For all the nations was seduced.

Misuse of participles has been referred to above. Misuse of prepositions is common. Appalling false concords of gender occur in xiv 9 [19], where 'the winepress' is feminine and masculine in one breath ; in xix 20, where 'the fire' is of the same two genders at once : in xxi 14, where 'the wall' is neuter and masculine at once.

One concluding instance must be cited. In iv 11 the words of the Seer overcame the A.V. translators, who boldly took refuge in 'for thy pleasure _they are_ and were created,' .... This position, however, was abandoned in the R.V., which says more literally, 'they were, and were created.' The false concord, however, can only be given literally as 'they was, and was created.' Unfortunately no Greek writer of any age could possibly allow that 'all things were,' because things _become_ and are transitory, whereas realities alone have eternal existence. The whole of life is comprehended to a Greek mind under the great distinction between Being and Becoming. This is one of the peculiar features of the Greek mind, and separates it from every other mind. The horror which such a statement of Ap would produce upon the mind of the Evangelist of the Fourth Gospel, quite apart from the false concord, can hardly be imagined. He has solemnly and beautifully set forth the truth : 'In the beginning was the Word... all things _became_ through Him (i 1, 3).' Things-- all things-- certainly to him 'were not'; they became ; they were created. The only explanation of the solecism of Ap iv 11 is that the Seer was no Greek scholar. And it is quite impossible that the Evangelist can have gone over and interpolated the Apocrypha without correcting this and the other solecisms. We must therefore hold that Harnack's present view (pp. 219, 229 n.) is untenable.
Reply
#50
Do you think Revelation 10:1 originally had:
"mighty angel"?
"another mighty angel"?
"another angel"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"rainbow"?
"[rain]bow of heaven"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"his face"? 
"his appearance"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"feet were like pillars of fire"?
"legs were like pillars of fire"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 10:1 
World English Bible
I saw a mighty angel coming down out of the sky, clothed with a cloud. A rainbow was on his head. His face was like the sun, and his feet like pillars of fire.
King James Bible
And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire:
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I saw another Angel who descended from Heaven and he wore a cloud and a rainbow of the sky on his head and his appearance was like the Sun, and his legs like pillars of fire.

Revelation 10:1 - And I saw another angel descending from heaven, clothed with a cloud, and the (rain)bow of heaven was over his head. His sight was like the sun and his legs were like pillars of fire.
       another - this is the reading of the Greek NA28, TR and of the Aramaic Peshitta, but this word is missing in the reading of the Greek MHT. In the reading of the Greek NA28 and TR we read below: 'strong', but this word is missing in the reading of the Greek MHT and of the Aramean Peshitta.
       the (rain) arch of heaven - literally 'the arch of heaven.' This is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is simply: 'rainbow'.
       his face - only from the Aramaic Peshitta is the reading: 'his appearance'.
       legs - we follow the Aramaic Peshitta here, because the translation 'feet' as it comes from the Greek, does not correspond with the sequel namely 'pillars of fire'. The Aramaic word in the Peshitta stands for both the leg (especially for the lower leg) and the foot.

http://dukhrana.com/lexicon/word.php?adr...ize=125%25
1  appearance  ....
it appeared to be larger than its fellow. .... for you are a woman of beautiful appearance. (a) aspect  Syr. (b) image, look, form  Sam.
2  vision (dream, prophetic, etc.) ....
in nighttime visions. .... I showed him the vision.  .... he made the menorah just like the vision that the Lord showed .... a false vision .... visions of the day. (a) miracle ....
3  sight  Sam, Syr. P Ma1:1 . P Mt28:3 . (a) eye  Sam.
4  pl. idols  Sam.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 10:4 originally had:
"thunders uttered their voices"? 
"thunders spoke"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"voice from heaven say"?
"voice from heaven say to me"?
"voice from heaven, from the seventh (angel) say"? (a possible way to construe Crawford)
"voice from the seventh heaven say"? (a more-obvious way to construe Crawford)

Revelation 10:4 
New International Version
And when the seven thunders spoke, I was about to write; but I heard a voice from heaven say, "Seal up what the seven thunders have said and do not write it down."
King James Bible
And when the seven thunders had uttered their voices, I was about to write: and I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Seal up those things which the seven thunders uttered, and write them not.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And when the seven thunders spoke, I was ready to write, and I heard a voice from The Seventh Heaven, which said, “Seal that which the seven thunders spoke and do not write it.” 

Revelation 10:4 - When the seven thunders had spoken, I wanted to write (it) down, (but) I heard [a voice from the seventh heaven] say, "Seal up what the seven thunders have spoken, write not it down."
       had spoken - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. The reading of the Greek TR reads: “When the seven thunders uttered their voices” (cf. Ps. 29).
       from the seventh heaven - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. It is also possible (but less obvious in my opinion) to read: ‘from heaven, from the seventh (angel)’. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'from heaven', to which the reading of the Greek TR adds: 'against me'. 

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 10:5 originally had:
"his right hand"?
"his hand"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 10:5 
New International Version
Then the angel I had seen standing on the sea and on the land raised his right hand to heaven.
King James Bible
And the angel which I saw stand upon the sea and upon the earth lifted up his hand to heaven,
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the Angel whom I saw was standing on The Sea and upon the dry land, raising his hand to Heaven. 

Revelation 10:5 - The Angel whom I saw standing on the sea and on the land lifted up his hand to heaven
       the land - or: 'on the earth'.
       his hand - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR. The reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT reads: 'his right hand'.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 10:6 originally had "and the sea and all that is in it"? (the Crawford ms. doesn't have that)

Revelation 10:6 
New International Version
And he swore by him who lives for ever and ever, who created the heavens and all that is in them, the earth and all that is in it, and the sea and all that is in it, and said, "There will be no more delay!
King James Bible
And sware by him that liveth for ever and ever, who created heaven, and the things that therein are, and the earth, and the things that therein are, and the sea, and the things which are therein, that there should be time no longer:
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And he swore by him who lives to the eternity of eternities, him who created Heaven and that which is in it, and The Earth, and that which is in it: “Time shall be no more.”

Revelation 10:6 - and He swore by Him who lives forever and ever, who created the heavens and (all) that is therein, and the earth and (all) that is therein: “There shall be no time (anymore) to be!
       created the earth .... In the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR it follows below: 'and created the sea and (everything) that is therein'.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 10:8 originally had:
"on the sea and on land"?
"on land and on the sea"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 10:8 
New International Version
Then the voice that I had heard from heaven spoke to me once more: "Go, take the scroll that lies open in the hand of the angel who is standing on the sea and on the land."
King James Bible
And the voice which I heard from heaven spake unto me again, and said, Go and take the little book which is open in the hand of the angel which standeth upon the sea and upon the earth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I heard a voice from Heaven again speaking with me and it said, “Go take the little scroll that is in the hand of the Angel who stands on the land and upon the Sea.”

Revelation 10:8 - I heard the voice from heaven speak to me again and He said: “Go, take the (little) scroll that is in the hand of the Angel who stands on the land and on the sea! ”
       on the land and on the sea - or: 'on the earth and on the sea'. This is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is just the opposite: 'on the sea and on land'.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 10:9 originally had:
"told him, Give me the little scroll"?
"told him to give me the little scroll"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"be sweet as honey"?
"be as honey"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 10:9 
New International Version
So I went to the angel and asked him to give me the little scroll. He said to me, "Take it and eat it. It will turn your stomach sour, but 'in your mouth it will be as sweet as honey.'"
King James Bible
And I went unto the angel, and said unto him, Give me the little book. And he said unto me, Take it, and eat it up; and it shall make thy belly bitter, but it shall be in thy mouth sweet as honey.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I went to the Angel and I told him to give me the little scroll and he said to me, “Take and eat it and your belly will be bitter to you, but it will be like honey in your mouth.”

Revelation 10:9 - I went to the angel and told him to give me the little scroll. He said to me, “Take it and eat it. He will make your belly bitter, but in your mouth it will be (sweet) as honey.”
       to give me the little scroll - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. Only from the Greek TR reads: "Give me the booklet!"
       sweet - in the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta this word does not occur, but in the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 10:11 originally had:
"they said"?
"he said"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"You must prophesy again"?
"Time is given to you once more to prophesy"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 10:11 
Berean Literal Bible
And they say to me, "It is necessary for you to prophesy again concerning many peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kings."King James Bible
And he said unto me, Thou must prophesy again before many peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kings.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And he said to me, “A time is given to you again to prophesy unto the nations and peoples and languages and many Kings.”

Revelation 10:11 - (Then) He said to me, "Time is given to you once more to prophesy to the peoples and nations and tongues and to many kings."
       He said - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of Greek TR, but the reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT is: 'they said'.
       You will once again be given time to ... - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'You must again ...'
Reply
#51
How would you explain origin of the superfluous "and"s in the Greek Revelation passages cited below?

_The Apocalypse and Semitic Syntax_ (Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series, Series Number 52) by Steven Thompson (1985), 155pp., on 97, with the Crawford in my brackets based on Greg Glaser's interlinear at dukhrana.com
https://www.amazon.com/Apocalypse-Semiti...521260310/
A search of Hoskier's apparatus yields several passages which preserve the Semitic καί preceding the temporal conjugation:
Apc. 6:12 καί εἶδον καί ὅτε ἤνοιξεν τὴν σφραγῖδα, 'I looked _when_ he opened the seal.' [Crawford:  and I saw when]
Here the second καί, supported by uncial P (Gregory 024) plus numerous minuscules, is totally unnecessary to the sense of the sentence from a Greek point of view, and is quite untranslatable.  The only explanation for its existence seems to be that it represents a Hebrew _Waw_ in _weki_.  Other occurrences are:
4:9 [Crawford:  and when that they give];
6:3, 5, 7 [and when opens; and when was opened; and when opens];
8:1 [and when/while opens];
10:4 [and when they spoke];
11:7 [and when that they];
12:4 καί (gig) ..., also verse 13 [that when that she has birthed.... and while/when];
17:10 [and when that he comes/signs];
18:1 [and from after these I saw];
19:1 [and from after these I heard];
20:7 [and when that/of has been completed];
22:8 [and when I saw and I heard].

3753. hote 
https://biblehub.com/greek/3753.htm
hote: when
Original Word: ὅτε
Part of Speech: Adverb
Transliteration: hote
Phonetic Spelling: (hot'-eh)
Definition: when
Usage: when, at which time.
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
from hos, and te

3739. hos, hé, ho 
https://biblehub.com/greek/3739.htm
hos, hé, ho: usually rel. who, which, that, also demonstrative this, that
Original Word: ὅς, ἥ, ὅ
Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Transliteration: hos, hé, ho
Phonetic Spelling: (hos)
Definition: usually rel. who, which, that, also demonstrative this, that
Usage: who, which, what, that.

5037. te 
https://biblehub.com/greek/5037.htm
te: and (denotes addition or connection)
Original Word: τέ
Part of Speech: Particle, Disjunctive Particle
Transliteration: te
Phonetic Spelling: (teh)
Definition: and (denotes addition or connection)
Usage: and, both.
HELPS Word-studies
5037 té (a conjunction) – "and both" ("both and"). 5037 /té ("and both") occurs 204 times in the NT and unfortunately is often not translated.
[When translated, 5037 (té) is usually rendered "and," "both and," or "and both."]

http://dukhrana.com/lexicon/word.php?adr...ize=125%25
kd, kdy   (kaḏ)   conj.  when
  oldest kzy > kdy > kd, following development of dy alone; Syr. once ܕܐܟܕ‏; Mand. written k pluse the ligature for dy, here transcribed kḏ but occasionally just kid, ki

1  when ... and when the gods ruined my father's house ... when this letter reaches you do not stand still. Dan6:11 ... when he knew that the writ had been inscribed.  ... when PN my wife saw that my demeanor had changed. ... when you come to plunder they will plunder you; when you come to rape they will rape you. ... (the infant) sucks when its mouth warms up. (a) followed by ptcp. (or lˀ + ptcp.) : while (not) X-ing, being in a state  Com. Dan3:7 ... at that moment, while all the people were hearing the sound of the horn. ... they saw his disciples eating bread while their hands were not washed. ... and he saw Israel camping by tribes. ... this one is not dead and has not been killed.

2  just as ... do not worry about him; I am treating him just as you could do.  ... look after my lads and my house just as you do to your house. ...  whoever does not do just as is written above. 
(a) as much as ... I am doing for him as much as you are able to do for him. 
(a.1)  inasmuch as  ...  inasmuch as he brought the legions here many times. (a.2)  as if ... the periods, hours, and seconds go by as if they were not. 
(b) ... as is proper  ... the Temple will be properly structurally completed.  ... they oppressed the stranger without it being proper  ... as is proper for them.
....
Derivatives:
....
mn kd conj.   from the time that

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Do you think Revelation 11:1 originally had:
"And a measuring rod like a staff was given to me, saying"?
"And a reed like a rod was given to me  and the angel stood and said"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:1 
Berean Literal Bible
And a measuring rod like a staff was given to me, saying, 
"Rise and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and those worshiping in it.
Literal Standard Version
And there was given to me a reed like to a rod, [[and the messenger stood,]] saying, 
“Rise, and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and those worshiping in it;
King James Bible
And there was given me a reed like unto a rod: and the angel stood, saying, 
Rise, and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and them that worship therein.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And a reed was given to me like a rod and the Angel was standing and said, 
“Rise and measure the Temple of God and the altar and those who worship in it,”

Rev 11:1 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And a reed was given to me like a rod and the angel stood and said, 
"Rise up and measure the temple of God and the altar and those who worship in it,

Revelation 11:1 - And I was given a reed that looked like a ruler, and the Angel stood (there) and said: 
"Arise and measure the Temple of GOD and the altar and those who worship therein,
       and the Angel stood ... and said - this is the reading of Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek MHT. Translations that focus exclusively on the Greek sources read only "and it was said."

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Do you think Revelation 11:2 originally had:
"outer court"?
"court outside the temple"? 
"court within the temple"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:2 
New International Version
But exclude the outer court; do not measure it, because it has been given to the Gentiles. They will trample on the holy city for 42 months.
King James Bible
But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall they tread under foot forty and two months.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“And the inner court of the Temple leave out and do not measure it, because that is given to the Gentiles, and they will trample The Holy City 42 months.

Revelation 11:2 - (but) leave out the garden that is within the Temple, measure it not, for it has been given to the nations, and they shall tread under foot the holy city for forty-two months (long).
       the court that [(is)] within the Temple - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta.

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Do you think Revelation 11:4 originally had:
"Lord of the earth"?
"God of the earth"?
"Lord of all the earth"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:4 
New International Version
They are "the two olive trees" and the two lampstands, and "they stand before the Lord of the earth."
King James Bible
These are the two olive trees, and the two candlesticks standing before the God of the earth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“These are the two olive trees and the two menorahs, which stand before the Lord of the whole Earth.”

Revelation 11:4 - These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the Lord of all the earth.
       the Lord of all the earth - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek MHT and the NA28 reads: 'the Lord of the earth' (the Greek 'Kurios'), the reading of the Greek TR reads: 'the GOD of the earth'. The reading of the Aramaic Peshitta agrees with Zach. 4:14 where the Hebrew text also contains the word 'whole', which only occurs in the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta of this verse.

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 11:6 originally had:
"they have power over the waters, to turn them into blood"?
"they have power to turn the waters into blood"?

Revelation 11:6 
Berean Literal Bible
These have the power to shut the sky, so that no rain shall fall in the days of their prophecy; and they have power over the waters, to turn them into blood, and to strike the earth with every plague, as often as they might desire.
King James Bible
These have power to shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“And these have authority to close up the sky that the rain would not descend in the days of their prophecy, and they have authority to change water to blood and to strike The Earth with all plagues as much as they wish.”

Revelation 11:6 - They have power to shut up the heavens so that no rain falls during the days of their prophesying, and they have power to turn the waters into blood, and to smite the earth with all kinds of plagues, as often as they please.
       during - literally: 'in'.
       they have power to turn the waters into blood - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "They have power over the waters to turn them into blood."

============================================.
Do you think Revelation 11:7 originally had:
"testimony"?
"testimonies"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"beast that comes up from the abyss"?
"beast that comes up from the sea"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:7 
New International Version
Now when they have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up from the Abyss will attack them, and overpower and kill them.
King James Bible
And when they shall have finished their testimony, the beast that ascendeth out of the bottomless pit shall make war against them, and shall overcome them, and kill them.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“And when their testimonies are complete, The Beast that will ascend from the Sea will make war with them and will conquer them and kill them.”

Revelation 11:7 - When they have completed their testimonies, the beast that comes up out of the sea will make war with them and overcome them and kill them.
       testimonials - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'testimony' (singular).
       sea - the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta is: 'sea', but the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is: 'abyss', the same word we use in Op. 9:1 in the Greek text. Now the sea is also an abyss, only it is filled with water. It can hardly be otherwise than that the beast from the sea is referred to here from Rev.13:1 (there is 'sea' and not 'abyss' in Aramaic as well as in Greek), of which in Re. 13:7 it is said that it is given power to make war against the saints and to overcome them. 

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Do you think Revelation 11:8 originally had:
"their corpse"?
"their corpses"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"where also their Lord was crucified"?
"where also our Lord was crucified"?
"where their Lord was crucified"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:8 
King James Bible
And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, 
where also our Lord was crucified.
Literal Standard Version
and their body [is] on the street of the great city that is called spiritually Sodom and Egypt, where also their Lord was crucified,
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“And their corpses came into the street of The Great City, which spiritually is called Sadom and Egypt, 
where their Lord was crucified.”

Revelation 11:8 - Their corpses will be in the square of the great city, which is (in) spiritually (sense) called "Sodom and Egypt," 
where their Lord was crucified.
       Their corpses - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR. The reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT reads: 'their corpse'.
       their Lord - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. The reading of the Greek TR is 'our Lord'. In the Aramaic Peshitta the word 'also' is missing where the Greek sources read: 'where also their Lord was crucified'. The absence seems more correct, because the two witnesses were not crucified, at least that is not stated in the text. But it cannot be ruled out completely, although we would expect that their corpses would then remain on the cross after their death. 

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Do you think Revelation 11:10 originally had:
"they will give gifts"?
"they will send gifts"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:10 
King James Bible
And they that dwell upon the earth shall rejoice over them, and make merry, 
and shall send gifts one to another; 
because these two prophets tormented them that dwelt on the earth.
World English Bible
Those who dwell on the earth rejoice over them, and they will be glad. 
They will give gifts to one another, 
because these two prophets tormented those who dwell on the earth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“And the inhabitants of The Earth will rejoice over them and they will celebrate 
and they will send gifts to each other, 
because of the two Prophets who tormented the inhabitants of The Earth.”

Revelation 11:10 - Those who dwell on the earth shall rejoice over them and celebrate 
and send gifts to one another, 
because these two prophets tormented those who dwell on the earth.
       to send - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta.... The reading of ... is: 'to give'.

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Do you think Revelation 11:12 originally had:
"I heard"?
"they heard"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:12 
New International Version
Then they heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, "Come up here." And they went up to heaven in a cloud, while their enemies looked on.
King James Bible
And they heard a great voice from heaven saying unto them, Come up hither. And they ascended up to heaven in a cloud; and their enemies beheld them.
World English Bible
I heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, "Come up here!" They went up into heaven in the cloud, and their enemies saw them.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“And they heard a great voice from Heaven that said to them, “Come up here.” And they went up to Heaven in a cloud and their enemies gazed at them.”

Revelation 11:12 - They heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, "Come up here!" And they ascended to heaven in a cloud, and their enemies looked upon them.
       they heard - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta.... The reading of... reads: 'I heard'.
       loud voice - literally: 'big voice'.

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Do you think Revelation 11:13 originally had:
"in that day"?
"in that hour"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"tenth part of the city fell"?
"tenth of the city fell"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:13 
New International Version
At that very hour there was a severe earthquake and a tenth of the city collapsed. Seven thousand people were killed in the earthquake, and the survivors were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven.
King James Bible
And the same hour was there a great earthquake, and the tenth part of the city fell, and in the earthquake were slain of men seven thousand: and the remnant were affrighted, and gave glory to the God of heaven.
World English Bible
In that day there was a great earthquake, and a tenth of the city fell. Seven thousand people were killed in the earthquake, and the rest were terrified, and gave glory to the God of heaven.

Rev 11:13 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And in that hour there was a huge earthquake and one-tenth of the city fell and they were killed in the earthquake. The names of the men [were] seven thousand and the remainder were in fear and gave praise to God who is in heaven.

Revelation 11:13 - At that (same) hour there was a great earthquake and one tenth of the city collapsed and the names of seven thousand men were killed in the earthquake and the rest were afraid and paid homage to GOD who is in heaven.
       at that hour - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR and NA28. The reading of the Greek MHT reads: 'on that day'.
       one tenth - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of... reads: 'one tenth part'.

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Do you think Revelation 11:14 originally had:
"second woe is past"?
"two woes are past"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:14 
New International Version
The second woe has passed; the third woe is coming soon.
King James Bible
The second woe is past; and, behold, the third woe cometh quickly.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“Behold, two woes are gone and, behold, the third woe comes at once.”

Revelation 11:14 - [Behold, two woes are past, behold, the third 'Woe!' is coming soon.]
       Behold, two pangs ... passed away - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "Behold, the second woe is past."

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Do you think Revelation 11:15 originally had:
"kingdoms of the world"?
"kingdom of the world"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"our Lord"?
"our God"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:15 
New International Version
The seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven, which said: "The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Messiah, and he will reign for ever and ever."
King James Bible
And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the seventh Angel sounded, and there were great voices in Heaven that said, “The Kingdom of the world has become our God's and his Messiah's, and he shall reign to the eternity of eternities.”

Revelation 11:15 - [The seventh angel blew loudly] and there were loud voices in heaven saying: “The kingdom of the world has passed to our GOD and to his Anointed One, and He will reign as King over all eternity.”
       the kingship of the world - literally: 'the kingdom of the world'. The reading of the Greek TR is: 'the kingdoms of the world'. The Aramaic Peshitta supports the singular form.
       transferred to ... to - literally: 'become from ... from'.
       our GOD - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta and it can be defended on the basis of vs. 13 and 16 and because of the high reliability of the Aramaic Peshitta, although the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'our Lord'.
       Anointed One - or: 'Christ'.
       to all eternity - literally: 'to the age of the ages'.

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Do you think Revelation 11:16 originally had:
"sit on their thrones before God's throne"?
"sit on their thrones before God"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:16 
New International Version
And the twenty-four elders, who were seated on their thrones before God, fell on their faces and worshiped God,
King James Bible
And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their seats, fell upon their faces, and worshipped God,
World English Bible
The twenty-four elders, who sit on their thrones before God's throne, fell on their faces and worshiped God,
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the 24 Elders who sit before God on their thrones fell on their faces and worshiped God,

Revelation 11:16 - The twenty-four elders who sat on their thrones before GOD fell on their faces and worshiped GOD,
       for GOD - some translations here read 'before the throne of GOD', a reading for which there is support in the NT of the Greek Orthodox Church and in the reading of the Greek MHT, but the reading of the Greek NA28, TR and the Aramaic Peshitta reads: 'for GOD'.

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Do you think Revelation 11:17 originally had:
"who is and was and will come"?
"who is and was"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:17 
New International Version
saying: "We give thanks to you, Lord God Almighty, the One who is and who was, because you have taken your great power and have begun to reign.
King James Bible
Saying, We give thee thanks, O Lord God Almighty, which art, and wast, and art to come; because thou hast taken to thee thy great power, and hast reigned.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Saying, “We thank you, LORD JEHOVAH God Almighty, who is and has been, for you have taken your great power and you have reigned.”

Revelation 11:17 - and said: “We thank Thee, LORD GOD, Almighty, who is and who was, that you have taken up your great power and have begun to reign (as King).
       who is and who was - only in the reading of the Greek TR and of the NT of the Greek Orthodox Church is added: 'and who will come', but there is no further support for this in the reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT and also not in the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. 

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Do you think Revelation 11:18 originally had:
"you will give reward to your servants... and will destroy"?
"you will give reward to your servants... and you will destroy"?  (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:18 
King James Bible
And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; 
and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“And the nations were angry and your anger has come, and the time of the dead to be judged, and you shall give reward to your Servants the Prophets and to The Holy Ones and to those who reverence your name, to the small with the great, 
and you shall destroy those who have corrupted The Earth.”

Rev 11:18 (APNT)
And the nations were angry, yet your anger has come and the time of the dead that they should be judged. And you will give a reward to your servants, the prophets, and to the holy [ones] and to those who reverence your name, the small with the great. And you will corrupt those who corrupted the earth.

Revelation 11:18 - The nations were enraged, (but) your wrath is come, and the time of the dead to be judged, and you shall give the reward to your servants, the prophets, and to the saints, and those who fear your name, the small and the great, and you will destroy those who destroy the earth.”
       and You will ... - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of....

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Do you think Revelation 11:19 originally had:
"the temple of God"?
"the temple"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"seen in his temple"?
"appeared in the temple"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"ark of the Lord's covenant"?
"ark of his covenant"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"voices... thunder"?
"thunder... voices"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 11:19 
King James Bible
And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.
World English Bible
God's temple that is in heaven was opened, and the ark of the Lord's covenant was seen in his temple. Lightnings, sounds, thunders, an earthquake, and great hail followed.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the Temple was opened in Heaven, and the Ark of his covenant appeared in the Temple, and there were lightnings, thunders, voices, earthquakes and large hail.

Revelation 11:19 - The Temple in Heaven was opened and the Chest of His Covenant became visible in the Temple, and there were lightnings, thunders, voices and an earthquake and great hail.
       The Temple - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'The Temple of GOD'.
       the Chest of his Covenant - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR. Only the Greek MHT has the reading: 'the Chest of the Covenant of his Lord'.
       the Temple - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'his Temple'.
       lightning, thunder, voices and earthquake - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'lightning rays, voices, thunders and an earthquake'.
Reply
#52
Do you think Revelation 12:2 originally had:
"and having [a child] in [her] womb"?
"and she was pregnant"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:2
Berean Literal Bible
and having in womb. And she cries out, being in travail, and being in pain to bring forth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And she was pregnant and she cried out and was in labor; she was also in anguish to give birth.
Literal Standard Version
and having [a child] in [her] womb she cries out, travailing and being in pain to bring forth.

Revelation 12:2 - She was pregnant and cried out in labor and she was in distress in labor.
She was ... giving birth - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta.

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Do you think Revelation 12:3 originally had:
"red dragon"?
"dragon of fire" as in, 'fiery dragon'? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:3
King James Bible
And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And another sign appeared in Heaven and, behold, a great fiery Dragon that has seven heads and 10 horns, and upon its heads seven diadems.
Literal Standard Version
And there was seen another sign in the sky, and behold, a great fire-colored dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns on his heads,

Revelation 12:3 - [another sign in heaven] was seen. Behold, there was [a great fiery dragon] with seven heads and ten horns, and on his heads were seven diadems
fiery dragon - in the Aramaic Peshitta it is 'a fiery dragon'.... It concerns the Aramaic 'da-nura', which means 'of fire'. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: '(fire)red dragon' ||πυρρός|| (purros - G4450). We find this word only in Op. 6:4.

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Do you think Revelation 12:4 originally had:
"her child"?
"her son"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:4
King James Bible
And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And its tail dragged the third of the stars that are in the Heavens and cast them upon The Earth; and the Dragon was standing before the woman who was ready to give birth, that when she had delivered, it would devour her Son.
Douay-Rheims Bible
And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman who was ready to be delivered; that, when she should be delivered, he might devour her son.

Revelation 12:4 - and his tail dragged a third of the stars of heaven and threw them to the earth. The dragon stood before the woman who was ready to give birth, to devour her son as soon as she gave birth.
her son - to the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'her child'.

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Do you think Revelation 12:5 originally had:
"her child"?
"her son"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:5
King James Bible
And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and to his throne.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And she delivered the Son, the Male who was to Shepherd all the nations with a rod of iron. And her Son was caught up to God and to his throne.
Douay-Rheims Bible
And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with an iron rod: and her son was taken up to God, and to his throne.

Revelation 12:5 - And she bare a male child, who shall rule all nations with a rod of iron, and her son was snatched up to GOD and to his throne.
her son - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'her child'.

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Do you think Revelation 12:8 originally had:
"he did not have strength"?
"they did not prevail"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"place found for them anymore in heaven"?
"place found for him anymore in heaven"?
"place found for them in heaven"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:8
Berean Literal Bible
And he did not have strength, nor was found a place for them any longer in heaven.
King James Bible
And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And did not prevail, neither was a place found for them in Heaven.
Literal Standard Version
and they did not prevail, nor was their place found anymore in Heaven;
World English Bible
They didn't prevail, neither was a place found for him any more in heaven.
Young's Literal Translation
and they did not prevail, nor was their place found any more in the heaven;

Rev 12:8 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And they did not prevail and no place was found for them in heaven.

Revelation 12:8 - (but) they were not strong enough and no place was found for them in heaven anymore.
they were not strong enough - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR. The reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT reads: 'and he was not strong enough'.
no place for them - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28 and TR reads: 'their place was no more found in heaven'. The reading of the Greek MHT reads: 'his place was no more ... found'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 12:9 originally had:
"old serpent"?
"chief serpent"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:9
Berean Literal Bible
And the great dragon was thrown out, the ancient serpent, who is called the devil and Satan, deceiving the whole inhabited world. He was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.
King James Bible
And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the great Dragon was cast down, that Chief Serpent, which is called The Devil and Satan, which deceives all The Earth, and it was cast down unto The Earth and its Angels were cast down with it.

Rev 12:9 (APNT)
And the great dragon was thrown out, that chief serpent, who is called the Accuser and Satan, who deceived the whole earth. And he was thrown out on the earth and his angels were thrown out with him.

Revelation 12:9 - [The great dragon was cast down], the supreme serpent, called "devil" and "satan," who deceives all the world. He was cast down to the earth and his angels were cast down with him.
the supreme serpent - literally: 'the main serpent' in the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'the old serpent'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 12:10 originally had:
"in heaven"?
"from heaven"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"of our God, and the power of his Christ"?
"of our God"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:10
Berean Literal Bible
And I heard a great voice in heaven, saying: "Now the salvation, and the power, and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of His Christ have come, because the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, the one accusing them before our God day and night.
King James Bible
And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I heard a great voice from Heaven that said, "Now is the deliverance and the power and The Kingdom of our God, for The Accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them night and day before our God,"

Revelation 12:10 - And I heard a loud voice from heaven say: "Now the atonement and the power and the kingdom of our GOD (have come), for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, (he) who accused them before our GOD day and night,
loud - literally: 'big'.
from heaven - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'in heaven'.
and the Kingdom of our GOD - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. In the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR it follows below: 'and the power of his Anointed One', i.e. 'of his Christ'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 12:11 originally had:
"by the word of their testimony"?
"by the word of his testimony"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:11
King James Bible
And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
"And they were victorious by the blood of The Lamb and by the word of his testimony and they did not love their lives unto death."
Literal Standard Version
and they overcame him because of the blood of the Lamb, and because of the word of their testimony, and they did not love their life-to death;

Revelation 12:11 - They overcame by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of his testimony, and loved not their lives unto death.
by the word of his testimony - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "by the word of their testimony." In this regard, Bauscher points out that only the Aramean Peshitta in Mk. 14:61, 62 (when Jesus stands before the high priest and the council) and Jh. 18:5, 6 (when Jesus is captured by the soldiers in the garden de) lists Jesus' full answer to the question, "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?", i.e., "I am the Living God' (literally: 'I-AM (that) I-AM'), in which Bauscher then sees the Word of His testimony to the High Priest.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 12:12 originally had:
"Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea"?
"Woe to the earth and the sea"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:12
Berean Literal Bible
Because of this, rejoice O heavens, and those dwelling in them! Woe to the earth and the sea, because the devil has come down to you, having great fury, knowing that he has a short time."
King James Bible
Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
"Therefore Heavens, celebrate, and those who dwell in them; woe to The Earth and to the Sea, for The Devil, who has great fury, has descended to them, as he knows that he has little time."

Revelation 12:12 - Rejoice in this, O heavens, and them that dwell therein! [(Woe)] the earth and the sea, for the devil has come down to you with great fury, knowing that his time is short."
Woe to the earth and the sea - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. Only from the Greek TR the reading is, "Woe unto them that inhabit the earth and the sea."

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 12:14 originally had:
"her place, where she is nourished"?
"her place, so that she might be nourished"?
"her place, to be nourished there"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:14
King James Bible
And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And two wings of a great eagle were given to the woman to fly into the wilderness to her place, to be sustained there for a time, times, and half a time, from before the face of The Serpent.
World English Bible
Two wings of the great eagle were given to the woman, that she might fly into the wilderness to her place, so that she might be nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent.

Rev 12:14 (APNT)
And two wings of a large eagle were given to the woman, so that she would fly to the wilderness to her place to be fed there [for] a time, times, and half of a time, from before the face of the serpent.

Revelation 12:14 - Two wings of a great eagle were given to the woman, that she might fly into the wilderness to her place, to be fed there [a time and times and half a time] from out of sight the snake.
to be fed there - this is the reading of Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28 and the TR reads: 'where it is nourished'. The Greek MHT reads, "that she may be nourished."
a time and times and half a time - i.e. a year and (two) years and a half years, that is 1260 days or 42 months. See Op. 12:6.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 12:17 originally had:
"Jesus Christ"?
"Jesus"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 12:17
Berean Literal Bible
And the dragon was angry with the woman, and he went to make war with the rest of her children keeping the commandments of God and holding the testimony of Jesus. And he stood upon the sand of the sea.
King James Bible
And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the Dragon raged against the woman and went to make war with the remnant of her Seed, these who keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Yeshua.

Revelation 12:17 - [The dragon] was angry with the woman and [went to make war with the rest of her seed] who keep the commandments of GOD and have the testimony of Jesus.
Jesus - only from the Greek TR the reading is: 'Jesus Christ'. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and of the Aramaic Peshitta is: 'Jesus'.
Reply
#53
When it was originally composed, do you think Revelation 2:7 had:
"To the _one_ overcoming, I will give to him to eat of the tree of life"? (the Greek has this, which some scribes emended to delete the un-Greek "autō/ αὐτῷ/ to him")
"And to him who overcomes, I will allow [him] to eat of the tree of life"? (Crawford allows for this)
"And-to-he-who-conquers I-give from the-tree of-life to-be-eating it"? (Crawford allows for this)

Revelation 2:7 
https://biblehub.com/revelation/2-7.htm
New International Version
Whoever has ears, let them hear what the Spirit says to the churches. 
To the one who is victorious, I will give the right to eat from the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God. Berean Literal Bible
The _one_ having an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. 
To the _one_ overcoming, I will give to him to eat of the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God.
Literal Standard Version
He who is having an ear—let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies: 
To him who is overcoming—I will give to him to eat of the Tree of Life that is in the midst of the paradise of God.
Young's Literal Translation
He who is having an ear -- let him hear what the Spirit saith to the assemblies: 
To him who is overcoming -- I will give to him to eat of the tree of life that is in the midst of the paradise of God.

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/2-7.htm
Tō/ Τῷ/ To the [one]
nikōnti/ νικῶντι/ overcoming
dōsō/ δώσω/ I will give
autō/ αὐτῷ/ to him
phagein/ φαγεῖν/ to eat
ek/ ἐκ/ of
tou/ τοῦ/ the
xylou/ ξύλου/ tree

Rev 2:7 (APNT)
He who has ears should hear what the Spirit says to the churches. 
And to him who overcomes, I will allow [him] to eat of the tree of life which is in the paradise of God."

Rev 2:7 (based on Glaser)
He who-has to-him ears will-hear what the Spirit speaks to-the-assembly.
And-to-he-who-conquers I-give from the-tree of-life to-be-eating it that-has/is-it in-the-paradise of-God.

a-th-L/ I give (or: I will give, I will allow)
m-n/ from

Perhaps the original Aramaic's "L" got double translated:  maybe
"a-th-L" got rendered as "I will give"
and then the sequence "L m n" got rendered as αὐτῷ/ "to him."

Searching for the word "atL"
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...udy-search
yields many "I will give"s and two "I will allow [him]."

Searching for the word "Lmn"
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...udy-search
yields several "to him"s.

Another possible double translation of the "L" appears in Rev 2:17, where the Greek again renders the Aramaic "a-th-L m-n" using an un-Greek "autō/ αὐτῷ/ to him."

Hat tip:
_Studies in the History of the Greek Text of the Apocalypse: The Ancient Stems (Text-critical Studies)_ (2018) by Josef Schmid, translated by Juan Hernández et al., 298pp., 253
https://www.amazon.com/Studies-History-G...628372044/
Reply
#54
Do you think the "excess" pronouns and other "excess" words here are something a native Greek speaker would write?:

Revelation (looking at a 1975 Zondervan interlinear of the Greek)
2.26 The [one] overcoming, I will give him authority
3.12 The [one] overcoming, I will make him a pillar
3.8 opened door that no one is able to shut it
3.21 The [one] overcoming, I will give him to sit with me.
6.4 and to the [one] sitting on it, was given to him
6.8 the [one] sitting upon it, name to him The Death
7.2 angels to whom it was given to them
7.9 a much crowd, which to number it no one was able
9.11 a king... name to him in Hebrew "Abbadon," and in the Greek he has [the] name "Apollyon"
12.6 desert where she has there a place
12.14 place of her where she is nourished there
13.8 of whom have not been written the names of them in the scroll of life of the Lamb
13.12 first beast of which was healed the stroke of death of it
17.9 seven mountains where the woman sits on them
20.8 of whom the number of them [is]
21.7 the overcoming [one]... I will be to him God

Do you think the "excess" pronouns and other "excess" words here are something a native Aramaic speaker would write?:

"And he conquering... I give to him"
Revelation 2.26 (based on Glaser)
And he conquering and guarding/keeping my work,
I give to him authority regarding/over peoples/nations.

"the door... not... capable... to be seizing it"
3.8 I know your works and behold,
you are given before you the door/portal being open,
that of not man capable/allowed to be seizing it,
because of little/few power/strength having to you,
and my Word you guard/keep,
and in my name you deny not.

"And he who conquers, am working him"
3.12 And he who conquers, am working him pillar/baptism in the temple/holy-place of God,
and outside not depart/go-out again/repent,
and am writing upon/regarding him the name of my God
and the name of the new city "Jerusalem,"
that/hand of decending from my God,
and the name of mine new.

"And he conquering, I give to him"
3.21 And he conquering,
I give to him to be sitting with me
upon the throne of mine,
likewise that I conquer
and I sit with my father
upon the throne of his.

"and to him sitting upon it, was given to him"
6.4 And departs/goes out a red horse,
and to him sitting upon it,
was given to him to be taking peace/health/completion from the earth
and to one another will slaughter/sacrifice,
and was given to him/it sword/blade/war/desolation great.

"horse, and its name of it who sat upon it 'Death/Poison'... one-fourth of it-- of the earth"
6.8 And I saw a green/pale horse
and his/its name of him/it who sat upon it "Death/Poison,"
and Sheol follows to him/it.
And was given to him/it authority upon/over/against one-fourth of it-- of the earth--
that will kill/slaughter in sword/blade/war/desolation
and in hunger/famine
and in death/poison
and in the living beings of earth.

"four messengers, those that were given to them... will cause them harm-- to the earth and to the sea"
7.2 And I saw another malaka [messenger] of going/coming/rising from the eastern sun
and having to him/it sign of God living/life,
and cries out in a voice/sound exalted/cast-out
to four malaka [messengers],
those that were given to them,
that will cause them harm--
to the earth and to the sea.

"before him-- he the lamb"
7.9 And afterwards I saw an assembly large/many
which that to its number/count not having that able/possible
being from all/every people and tribes/generations and inhabitants and tongues/languages
of standing/rising before the throne and before him-- he the lamb--
and they were wearing robes/garments white/shining,
and in their hands palms.

"And having over them malaka-- its malaka... his name in Hebrew 'Enslaves Them,' and in Aramaic the name to him is 'Releases/Strength'"
9.11 And having upon/over them malaka [angel(s)/messenger(s)]--
m-L-a-k-h [his/its malaka] of the abysses/pits,
of his/its name in Hebrew "Enslaves Them,"
and in Aramaic the name to him/it having/is "Releases/Strength."

"a place she has being to her there"
12.6 And the woman fled to the wilderness/desolation
a place she has being to her there,
a place/position of prepared/readiness from God
who will nourish her one thousand and two hundred and sixty days.

"to her place to be nourished there... from before its face-- of the serpent"
12.13 And was given to the woman two wings of an eagle great
that of flying to the wilderness/desolation
to her place to be nourished there
time times and one-half time from before his/its face-- of the serpent.

"all of them-- of earth its inhabitants"
13.8 And will worship/honor to her/it all of them-- of earth its inhabitants--
they, those of not written in the writing/book of life-- it/he of the lamb-- the slain one--
before its foundation/conception of this world/age.

"it... healed [from] the wound of its death"
13.12 And authority of the living being/creature first/before all of it
of being transferred before her/it
and is working to earth and to those inhabiting in it,
and will worship/honor to the living being/creature first/before--
she/it of being healed/recovered the wound of her/its death.

"seven mountains... she sat... upon them"
17.9 Here/now logic/reason to he/she having to him/her wisdom/discernment,
seven heads--
they are seven mountains
where she/has sat--
the woman upon them.

"gathering them... those of their number like sand of the sea"
20.8 And departs/goes-out to be deceiving/burdening them-- to all of them--
peoples/nations in its four corners of the earth
to expand and to be covering and to be gathering them
to war/approach those of their number like sand of the sea.

"And he conquering, he will inherit"
21.7 And he conquering,
he will inherit these,
and will be to him God,
and will be to Me a son/daughter.

What do you think was written first:
the Greek with its "excess" pronouns and "excess" words?
the Aramaic with its "excess" pronouns and "excess" words?

Hat tip:
_Studies in the History of the Greek Text of the Apocalypse: The Ancient Stems (Text-critical Studies)_ (2018) by Josef Schmid, translated and edited by Juan Hernández et al., 298pp., 253-4
https://www.amazon.com/Studies-History-G...628372044/

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 13:1 originally had:
"And I saw a beast rising from the sea"?
"And _the dragon_ stood on the sand of the sea, and I saw a beast rising from the sea"?
"And I stood on the sand of the sea, and I saw a beast rising from the sea"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"names"?
"name"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:1
New American Standard Bible
And _the dragon_ stood on the sand of the seashore. Then I saw a beast coming up out of the sea, having ten horns and seven heads, and on his horns were ten crowns, and on his heads were blasphemous names.
Berean Literal Bible
And I saw rising out of the sea a beast, having ten horns, and seven heads, and on its horns, ten diadems, and upon its heads, names of blasphemy.
King James Bible
And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I stood on the sand of the Sea, and I saw a beast ascending from the Sea, which had 10 horns and seven heads, and upon its horns, 10 diadems, and upon its heads the name of blasphemy.
World English Bible
Then I stood on the sand of the sea. I saw a beast coming up out of the sea, having ten horns and seven heads. On his horns were ten crowns, and on his heads, blasphemous names.

Revelation 13:1 - And I stood on the sand of the sea, and I saw [a beast out of the sea] coming up with ten horns and seven heads. On his horns were ten crowns, and on his heads was the blasphemous name.
I stood - this is the reading... of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28 reads: "And he remained standing."
name - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR. The reading of the Greek MHT is: 'names'. In the reading of the Greek NA28 the word 'names' is in brackets. Several manuscripts (A 051 1611 1854 2053 2344 2351 ÏK) read here ||ὀνόματα|| (onomata - i.e. ’names’) but the singular ||ὄνομα|| has better support (Ì47 |א| C 1006 1841 2329 ÏA).

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 13:4 originally had:
"like the beast"?
"like this beast"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:4
Berean Literal Bible
And they worshiped the dragon, who had given authority to the beast; and they worshiped the beast, saying, "Who is like the beast? And who is able to make war against it?"
King James Bible
And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who is able to make war with him?
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And they worshiped the Dragon that gives authority to The Beast, and they worshiped The Beast saying, “Who is like this Beast, and who is able to war with it?”

Revelation 13:4 - They worshiped the dragon that gave power to the beast, and they worshiped the beast, saying, “Who is like unto this beast? Who can wage war against it?”
this beast - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'the beast'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 13:5 originally had:
"blasphemies"?
"blasphemy"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"authority to make war"?
"authority to act"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:5
Berean Literal Bible
And a mouth was given to it, speaking great things and blasphemy, and it was given authority to act forty and two months.
King James Bible
And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And a mouth that speaks great things and blasphemy was given to it, and authority was given to it to work 42 months.
World English Bible
A mouth speaking great things and blasphemy was given to him. Authority to make war for forty-two months was given to him.

Revelation 13:5 - To the (beast) was given a mouth speaking great words and blasphemy(s), and power was given to the (beast) to do it [forty-two months [(long)]].
big words - literally: 'great (things)'.
blasphemy[(en)] - the plural reading is found in the Greek NA28 and TR. The singular reading is from the Greek MHT and from the Aramaic Peshitta'.
to do that ... - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28. The reading of the Greek MHT and TR is: 'to make war'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 13:6 originally had:
"and his tabernacle, and those who dwell in heaven"?
"and the dwelling of those who dwell in Heaven"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:6
Literal Standard Version
and it opened its mouth for slander toward God, to slander His Name, and of His dwelling place, and of those who dwell in Heaven,
King James Bible
And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And it opened its mouth to blaspheme before God, to blaspheme The Name and the dwelling of those who dwell in Heaven.

Revelation 13:6 - And he opened his mouth to blaspheme GOD, to blaspheme his name, and the Dwelling of them that dwell in heaven.
and the Dwelling of those who dwell in heaven - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "and his Tent and them that dwell in heaven."

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 13:7 originally had:
"over all tribes and tongues and nations"?
"over every tribe and people and tongue and nation"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:7
Berean Literal Bible
And there was given to it to make war with the saints, and to overcome them. And authority was given to it over every tribe and people and tongue and nation.
King James Bible
And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And it was granted to make war with The Holy Ones and to conquer them, and it was given authority over all generations, peoples, languages and nations.

Revelation 13:7 - It was given to make war against the saints and to overcome them, and it was given power over every tribe and people and language and (over all) nations.
about every tribe and people and language and nation - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. Only in the reading of the Greek TR is the word 'people' missing.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 13:8 originally had:
"from the foundation of the world"?
"before the foundation of the world"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:8
Berean Literal Bible
And all dwelling on the earth will worship it, of whom their names have not been written from the founding of the world in the book of life of the Lamb having been slain.
King James Bible
And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And all the inhabitants of The Earth will worship it, those who are not written in The Book of Life of The Lamb slain before the foundation of the world.

Revelation 13:8 - All who dwell on the earth shall worship it (beast), those whose names are not written in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain before the foundation of the world.
the names - in the Aramaic Peshitta it literally says: 'their names'.
before the foundation - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is often translated as: 'from the foundation of the world'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 13:9 originally had:
"has an ear"?
"has ears"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:9
Berean Literal Bible
If anyone has an ear, let him hear.
King James Bible
If any man have an ear, let him hear.
Literal Standard Version
if anyone has an ear—let him hear:
World English Bible
If anyone has an ear, let him hear.

Rev 13:9 (APNT)
He who has ears should hear.

Revelation 13:9 - He who has ears, let him hear.
ears - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. We find the reading 'ear' in the singular in the reading of the Greek NA28.MHT and TR.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 13:10 originally had:
"if anyone is to go into captivity, he will go into captivity"?
"whoever leads into captivity goes into captivity"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"If anyone is to be killed with the sword, he must be killed"?
"he that kills with the sword will be killed with the sword"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:10
Berean Literal Bible
"If anyone is to go into captivity, into captivity he goes;
If anyone is to be killed with the sword, by the sword it is necessary for him to be killed."
Here is the endurance and the faith of the saints.
King James Bible
He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity:
he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword.
Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Whoever leads into captivity goes into captivity
and those who murder with the sword will be killed with the sword.
Here is faith and the endurance of The Holy Ones.
World English Bible
If anyone is to go into captivity, he will go into captivity.
If anyone is to be killed with the sword, he must be killed.
Here is the endurance and the faith of the saints.

Rev 13:10 (APNT)
He who leads into captivity will go into captivity
and he who kills with the sword will be killed with the sword.
Here is the faith and the patience of the holy [ones].

Revelation 13:10....
Those who are killed with the sword .... - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of... reads: 'If anyone is to be killed with the sword, he shall be killed with the sword'. .... The reading of the Greek MHT reads: "If anyone is with a sword, he must be killed."

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Do you think Revelation 13:11 originally had:
"and it had two horns like a lamb"?
"and it had two horns and was like a/the lamb"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:11
Berean Literal Bible
And I saw another beast rising out of the earth,
and it had two horns like a lamb, and it was speaking like a dragon.
King James Bible
And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth;
and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I saw another Beast that ascended from the ground,
and it had two horns and was like The Lamb and was speaking like The Dragon.

Revelation 13:11 - (Then) I saw [another beast] coming up out of the earth. It had two horns, and it was like the Lamb, (but) it spoke like the dragon.
It had two horns ... on the Lamb - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "It had two horns like those of the Lamb."

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Do you think Revelation 13:14 originally had:
"He deceives my own people who dwell on the earth"?
"And it deceives those living on the earth"?
"And it will deceive those living on the earth"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:14
Berean Literal Bible
And it deceives those dwelling on the earth, by reason of the signs that were given to it to perform before the beast, telling those dwelling on the earth to make an image to the beast that has the wound of the sword and has lived.
King James Bible
And deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the wound by a sword, and did live.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And it will seduce those living on The Earth by the signs that were given to it to perform before the Beast, to tell the dwellers on Earth to make an image to the Beast, which had the wound by the sword and lived.
World English Bible
He deceives my own people who dwell on the earth because of the signs he was granted to do in front of the beast; saying to those who dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast who had the sword wound and lived.

Rev 13:14 (APNT)
And he will seduce those who are living on the earth by way of the signs that are given to him to do in the presence of the creature, telling those who are living on the earth to make an image for the creature who had the wound of the sword and lived.

Revelation 13:14 - It will deceive those who dwell on the earth by the signs that were given him to do in the sight of the (first) beast, to tell those who dwell on the earth to make an image for the beast that had the wound of the sword and came to life.
It will tempt those who ... - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'it tempts those who ...'. The reading of the Greek MHT reads: "It deceives my people, those who ..."
for [(the eyes of)] the ... beast - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta, but the words 'the eyes of' have been added for clarity from the text of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR.
weather - this word is not part of the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta, but has been added for clarity from the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR.

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Do you think Revelation 13:16 originally had:
"marks"? "a mark"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:16
Berean Literal Bible
And it causes all the small and the great, and the rich and the poor, and the free and the servants, that it should give them a mark on their right hand or on their forehead,
King James Bible
And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads:
World English Bible
He causes all, the small and the great, the rich and the poor, and the free and the slave, to be given marks on their right hands, or on their foreheads;
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And it will cause all, small and great, rich and poor, Masters and Servants, to be given a mark on their right hands or on their foreheads,

Revelation 13:16 - It causes all, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to be given a mark on their right hand or on their forehead,
little ones ... slaves - in the Aramean Peshitta we find no definition. article for the various categories of people and in Dutch that also sounds better. In the Greek NA28, TR and MHT we find the definite article for each category of people, so 'the small and the large ...'.
a mark - the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR and NA28 is: 'a mark', but the reading of the Greek MHT is: 'marks'.

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Do you think Revelation 13:17 originally had:
"mark--the name of the beast"?
"mark of the name of the beast"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:17
Berean Literal Bible
and that no one should be able to buy or to sell, if not the one having the mark--the name of the beast, or the number of its name.
King James Bible
And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
That no one may buy or sell again except one who has the mark of the name of The Beast or the number of its name.

Revelation 13:17 - and that none can buy or sell except he who has the mark of the name of the beast or the number of his name on him.
than he who has the mark of the name of the beast - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "then whoever has the mark, the name of the beast, or ..."

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Do you think Revelation 13:18 originally had:
"number of a man. That number is 666"?
"number of a man; and his number is six hundred sixty six"?
"number of a man, six hundred and sixty and six"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 13:18
New International Version
This calls for wisdom. Let the person who has insight calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man. That number is 666.
King James Bible
Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

Rev 13:18 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search?
Here is wisdom. And he who has understanding should count the number of the creature, for it is the number of a man, six hundred and sixty-six.

Revelation 13:18 - Here is the wisdom. Let him who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man, six hundred and sixty-six.
the number of a human being - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. In the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR it follows: 'and its number is: ...'
six hundred and sixty six - in the Aramaic Peshitta this number is written in full, without numbers. In the reading of... there are these three Greek letters: ||χξς||.
Reply
#55
Do you think Revelation 14:1 originally had:
"with him a number, one hundred forty-four thousand"?
"with him one hundred forty-four thousand"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"having his Father's name written in their foreheads"?
"having his name and the name of his Father written on their foreheads"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:1
Berean Literal Bible
And I looked, and behold, the Lamb was standing upon Mount Zion, and with Him one hundred forty-four thousand having His name and the name of His Father having been written on their foreheads.
King James Bible
And I looked, and, lo, a Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with him an hundred forty and four thousand, having his Father's name written in their foreheads.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I saw and behold, The Lamb standing on the Mount Zion, and with him 144,000 who have his name upon them and the name of his Father written on their foreheads.
Literal Standard Version
And I saw, and behold, a Lamb was standing on Mount Zion, and with Him one hundred forty-four thousand, having the Name of His Father written on their foreheads;
World English Bible
I saw, and behold, the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with him a number, one hundred forty-four thousand, having his name, and the name of his Father, written on their foreheads.

Revelation 14:1 - I looked, and behold, the Lamb stood upon mount Zion, and with him a hundred and forty-four thousand, (in whom) his name and the name of his Father were written on their foreheads.
one hundred and forty thousand - only in the reading of the Greek MHT there is the Greek word ||αριθμος|| (= 'a number' or: 'a number') preceding: 'one hundred and forty-four thousand'. This word 'number' is missing in the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and TR.
his Name and the Name - although there are two names here (by the way, the words 'his Name and' are missing in the reading of the Greek TR, but not in all other textual sources), at the end of the verse the grammatical form of the participle 'written' to be a singular verb form (both in Greek and Aramaic), from which we may conclude that both Names are essentially one Name.

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Do you think Revelation 14:2 originally had:
"harpists playing on their harps"?
"harpist playing on his harp"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:2
Berean Literal Bible
And I heard a voice out of heaven like the sound of many waters, and like the sound of loud thunder. And the voice that I heard was like that of harpists harping with their harps.
King James Bible
And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps:
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I heard a sound from Heaven as the sound of many waters and as the sound of a great thunder; the sound which I heard was like a harpist playing on his harp.
World English Bible
I heard a sound from heaven, like the sound of many waters, and like the sound of a great thunder. The sound which I heard was like that of harpists playing on their harps.

Revelation 14:2 - I heard a voice from heaven, like the sound of many waters and like the sound of great thunder, and (the) sound (that) I heard was like a harper playing his harp.
harp player ... harp - or: 'harp players ... harp', in any case a melodious stringed instrument, after the reading of the Aramean Peshitta. It could be 'harp players' or 'a harp player', but because the verb 'to play' is in the Peshitta singular and because at the end of the verse we have the word 'to be' in 'his harp' in the singular, is the correct choice of translation: 'a harp player'. From the Greek NA28, MHT and TR the reading is: 'as of the harpers playing the harp'.

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Do you think Revelation 14:4 originally had:
"redeemed by Jesus from men"?
"redeemed from men"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:4
Berean Literal Bible
These are they who have not been defiled with women; for they are pure, these following the Lamb wherever He shall go. These have been redeemed out from men as firstfruits to God and to the Lamb.
King James Bible
These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
These are those who have not been defiled with women, for they are virgins who cleave to the Lamb wherever he goes. These were redeemed from men, the firstfruits to God and to the Lamb.
World English Bible
These are those who were not defiled with women, for they are virgins. These are those who follow the Lamb wherever he goes. These were redeemed by Jesus from among men, the first fruits to God and to the Lamb.

Revelation 14:4 - These are they who have not defiled themselves with women, for they are virgins who follow the Lamb wherever He goes. These have been redeemed from men as firstfruits for GOD and for the Lamb.
are [(free)]bought - the reading of the Greek MHT reads: 'bought by Jesus (free)], which is without doubt the purport of this text, but it is not certain whether that is also expressed in full in the original manuscripts. Also in the Aramean Peshitta and in the Greek NA28 and TR the name 'Jesus' is missing.

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Do you think Revelation 14:5 originally had:
"they are without fault before the throne of God"?
"they are without fault"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:5
Berean Literal Bible
And in their mouth no lie was not found; they are blameless.
King James Bible
And in their mouth was found no guile: for they are without fault before the throne of God.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And there is no falsehood found in their mouths as they are without fault.
World English Bible
In their mouth was found no lie, for they are blameless.
Young's Literal Translation
and in their mouth there was not found guile, for unblemished are they before the throne of God.

Revelation 14:5 - No lie is found in their mouth, for they are blameless.
impeccable - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. Only in the reading of the Greek TR is written after 'impeccable': 'before the throne of God'.

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Do you think Revelation 14:6 originally had:
"I saw a messenger flying"?
"I saw another messenger flying"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"having age-during news"? [the Greek lacks "the" - https://biblehub.com/text/revelation/14-6.htm]
"and he had with him a/the age-during news"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

In looking at Rev 14:6-7, do you think the news/ message/ announcement is best understood as:
'good' news? 'bad' news? who knows-- it's best to simply call it "news"?

Revelation 14:6
Berean Literal Bible
And I saw another angel flying in mid-heaven, having the everlasting glad tidings to preach upon those dwelling on the earth, and upon every nation and tribe and tongue and people,
King James Bible
And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people,
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I saw another Angel flying in the midst of Heaven and he had with him The Eternal Good News to preach unto the dwellers of Earth and unto all people, nations, generations and languages,
Literal Standard Version
And I saw another messenger flying in midair, having continuous good news to proclaim to those dwelling on the earth, and to every nation, and tribe, and tongue, and people,
World English Bible
I saw an angel flying in mid heaven, having an eternal Good News to proclaim to those who dwell on the earth, and to every nation, tribe, language, and people.
Young's Literal Translation
And I saw another messenger flying in mid-heaven, having good news age-during to proclaim to those dwelling upon the earth, and to every nation, and tribe, and tongue, and people,

http://dukhrana.com/lexicon/word.php?adr...ize=125%25
1 message Syr. JulSok 339(166):9 : .... they sent him a message of hopelessness. WisSol5:9 : .... a fast-moving message.
2 gospel, the Gospel Syr. JulSok 479(236):13 : .... P Mk1:14 : ....
3 .... : holy Saturday Syr. CatWr1 150b:17 ....
Derivatives:
.... to bring news.... messenger.... preaching, gospel.... evangelist.... in an evangelical manner.... annunciation

Revelation 14:6 - (Then) I saw [another angel] flying in midheaven, and he had with him the everlasting Good News to declare (it) to those who dwell on the earth, to every nation, (every) tribe, language and nation,
another angel - in most Greek manuscripts (MHT) 'other' (... allon- G243) is missing, but in the reading of the Greek NA28, TR and in the Aramaic Peshitta we find this word....
the eternal Good News - some translations have 'an everlasting Gospel' or 'an eternal Good News'.... it immediately becomes clear in the following verses what this Gospel proclamation actually means, namely fearing God and worshiping the Creator and no other.
with itself - this text is part of the Aramaic Peshitta, but not of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR.

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Do you think Revelation 14:7 originally had:
"Fear the Lord"?
"Fear God"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:7
Berean Literal Bible
saying in a loud voice, "Fear God and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment has come. And worship the One having made heaven, and the earth, and sea, and springs of waters."
King James Bible
Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Saying with a great voice, “Stand in awe of God and give him glory, because the hour of his judgment has come, and worship him who made the Heavens and The Earth and the Sea and the springs of water.”
Literal Standard Version
saying in a great voice, “Fear God, and give to Him glory, because the hour of His judgment came, and worship Him who made the sky, and the land, and sea, and fountains of waters.”
World English Bible
He said with a loud voice, "Fear the Lord, and give him glory; for the hour of his judgment has come. Worship him who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and the springs of waters!"

Revelation 14:7 - and with a loud voice he said: “Fear GOD and give Him glory, for the hour of His judgment has come. Worship Him who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and the fountains of water.”
loud - literally: 'big'.
GOD - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and TR. The reading of the Greek MHT reads: 'the Lord' (Kurios).

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Do you think Revelation 14:8 originally had:
"another messenger followed, saying"?
"another, a second messenger, followed, saying"?
"another, a/the second one, followed him and said"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"Babylon the great city"
"Babylon the great"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"fallen"?
"fallen, fallen"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"drink of the wine of the wrath of her whoredom"?
"drink of the venom of her whoredom"? (the Crawford ms. allows for that)

Revelation 14:8
King James Bible
And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
Literal Standard Version
And another messenger followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, because of the wine of the wrath of her whoredom she has given to all nations to drink.”
World English Bible
Another, a second angel, followed, saying, "Babylon the great has fallen, which has made all the nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her sexual immorality."
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And another, the second one, followed him and said, “Fallen, fallen, Babylon the Great, who gave all nations to drink of the passion of her fornication!”

Revelation 14:8 (based on Glaser)
And another he/it second is following being to him/it and says, "Has fallen, has fallen, Babylon the Great, that/which/hand she from fury/anger/heat/venom of her whoredom/fornication gave them to drink-- to all of them-- peoples/nations.

Revelation 14:8 - [Another, a second,] followed him and said: “Fallen, fallen (is) Babylon the great, which hath made all nations drink (of the wine) of the passion of her fornication .”
Another, a second - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta, without the word 'angel' hereafter. In the Greek TR 'a second' is missing and after 'angel' the Greek TR then reads 'Babylon, the great city' instead of 'Babylon the great'.
followed him - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta, but in the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR the word 'him' is missing.
Fallen, fallen ... - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and TR, but of the Greek MHT the reading is: 'Fallen, is ...'
passion - in the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta it concerns a word that can also mean 'anger', but also 'heatedness'. In the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR we find a word that is often used in connection with God's wrath (see e.g. Rev. 16:1, 19 and 19:15).
of the wine - in the Aramaic Peshitta these words are missing, while they do occur in the Greek NA28, MHT and TR. In Op. 17:2 and Rev. 18:3 we find in the Aramaic Peshitta the expression 'the wine of her fornication'. It is important to realize that in Aramaic there is only one letter difference between the word 'wine' and the word 'passion'. The word does appear in the Aramaic Peshitta vs. 10 for in connection with the wine of GOD's wrath. The words go back to Jes. 21:9 where it is also clearly prophesied that with this announcement all the idols of Babylon will also be destroyed, they are finished.

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Do you think Revelation 14:9 originally had:
"And the third angel followed"?
"And another, a third angel, followed"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:9
Berean Literal Bible
And another, a third angel, followed them, saying in loud a voice, "If anyone worships the beast and its image, and receives a mark on his forehead or upon his hand,
King James Bible
And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand,
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Another, the third Angel, followed them saying with a great voice, “Whoever worshiped The Beast and its Image and received its mark on his forehead
World English Bible
Another angel, a third, followed them, saying with a great voice, "If anyone worships the beast and his image, and receives a mark on his forehead, or on his hand,

Rev 14:9 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And another, a third angel, followed them, saying with a loud voice, "He who worshipped the creature and his image and took his mark on his forehead

Revelation 14:9 - [Another, a third angel] followed them and said with a loud voice: "Whoever has received the beast and his image and the mark on his forehead or on his hand,
Another - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28, MHT. Only in the reading of the Greek TR this text is missing.

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Do you think Revelation 14:10 originally had:
"wrath of God"?
"wrath of MrYa" i.e. Master YHWH? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:10
Berean Literal Bible
he also will drink of the wine of the anger of God, having been mixed undiluted in the cup of His wrath; and he will be tormented in fire and brimstone before the holy angels and before the Lamb.
King James Bible
The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb:
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Shall also drink from the wine of the passion of THE LORD JEHOVAH, which is mixed without dilution in the cup of his rage, and he will be tormented by fire and brimstone before the holy Angels and before the Lamb.”
World English Bible
he also will drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is prepared unmixed in the cup of his anger. He will be tormented with fire and sulfur in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb.

Rev 14:10 (APNT)
will also drink of the wine of the fury of the LORD that is poured without mixture into the cup of his anger. And he will be tormented with fire and with sulfur before the holy angels and before the Lamb

Revelation 14:10 - shall also drink of the wine of the wrath of the LORD, which is mixed undiluted in the cup of his wrath, and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the sight of the holy angels and before (the eyes of) the Lamb.
the LORD - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'GOD'.

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Do you think Revelation 14:12 originally had:
"their faith in Jesus"?
"the faith of Jesus"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:12
Berean Literal Bible
Here is the endurance of the saints, those keeping the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.
King James Bible
Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Here is the patience of The Holy Ones, those who keep the commands of God and the faith of Yeshua.”
World English Bible
Here is the patience of the saints, those who keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus."
Holman Christian Standard Bible
This demands the perseverance of the saints, who keep God's commands and their faith in Jesus."

Revelation 14:12 - Here (it matters) the perseverance of the saints, who keep the commandments of GOD and the faith of Jesus.”
of Jesus - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of... reads: 'in Jesus'.

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Do you think Revelation 14:13 originally had:
"heaven saying to me, Write"?
"heaven saying, Write"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"labors; for their works follow with them"?
"labors"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:13
Berean Literal Bible
And I heard a voice out of heaven, saying "Write, 'Blessed are the dead dying in the Lord from now on.'" "Yes," says the Spirit, "so that they will rest from their labors; for their works follow with them."
King James Bible
And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do follow them.
World English Bible
I heard the voice from heaven saying, "Write, 'Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on.'" "Yes," says the Spirit, "that they may rest from their labors; for their works follow with them."
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I heard a voice from Heaven that said, “Write, 'Blessed are the dead, from now on, who have departed in Our Lord; Yes, says The Spirit, because they shall rest from their labors.'”

Rev 14:13 (APNT)
And I heard a voice from heaven saying, "Write. Blessed [are] the dead who depart in our Lord from now on. 'Yes,' says the Spirit, because they will rest from their labors."

Revelation 14:13 - And I heard a voice from heaven say: “Write, blessed are the dead who die in our Lord, from now on!” “Yes, saith the Spirit, for they may rest from their works!”, (for their works follow them.)
say - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. Only from the Greek TR the reading is: "Say to me."
[(want)] their works imitate them - this phrase is completely absent from the Aramaic Peshitta, but does appear in the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR.

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Do you think Revelation 14:15 originally had:
"because the time has come for You to reap, for the harvest of the earth is ripe"?
"because the hour to reap has come, for the harvest of the earth is ripe"?
"because the hour to reap has come"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:15
Berean Literal Bible
And another angel came out of the temple, crying in a loud voice to the One sitting on the cloud,
"Put forth Your sickle and reap,
because the hour to reap has come, because the harvest of the earth has ripened."
New King James Version
And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him who sat on the cloud,
“Thrust in Your sickle and reap,
for the time has come for You to reap, for the harvest of the earth is ripe.”
World English Bible
Another angel came out from the temple, crying with a loud voice to him who sat on the cloud,
"Send forth your sickle, and reap;
for the hour to reap has come; for the harvest of the earth is ripe!"
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And another Angel went out from the Temple and shouted with a great voice to him sitting on the cloud,
“Send your sickle and reap,
because the hour to reap has come.”

Revelation 14:15 - And [another angel] came out of the Temple and cried with a loud voice to Him who sat on the cloud:
"Put out your sickle and reap,
for the hour to reap has come!"
... and reap, for the hour to reap has come - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. .... The reading of the Greek TR reads: "...and reap, for the hour to reap has come for you." This is followed in the Greek readings: "for the harvest of the earth is fully ripe!"

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Do you think Revelation 14:18 originally had:
"earth, for the earth's grapes are ripe"?
"earth, for her grapes are ripe"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:18
Berean Literal Bible
And another angel having authority over the fire came out of the altar, and he called in a loud cry to the one having the sharp sickle, saying, "Put forth your sharp sickle, and gather the clusters from the vine of the earth, because its grapes have fully ripened."
King James Bible
And another angel came out from the altar, which had power over fire; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp sickle, saying, Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Another Angel went out from the altar, who had authority over fire, and he shouted with a great voice to him who had the sharp sickle with him: “Send your sharp sickle and gather of the clusters of the vineyards of The Earth, because its grapes are large.”
World English Bible
Another angel came out from the altar, he who has power over fire, and he called with a great voice to him who had the sharp sickle, saying, "Send forth your sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth, for the earth's grapes are fully ripe!"

Rev 14:18 (APNT)
And another angel came out from the altar, who had authority over fire and cried out with a loud voice to him who had the sharp sickle, "Send your sharp sickle and gather the clusters of the vineyard of the earth, because of the ripeness of her grapes."

Revelation 14:18 - And [another angel] who had power over the fire came from the altar, and cried out with a loud voice to him who had the sharp sickle: "Send out your sharp sickle and reap the clusters of the vineyards of the earth, for her grapes are great.”
her grapes - this is the reading of the Aramean Peshitta and of the Greek NA28, the TR. The reading of the Greek MHT is: 'the grapes of the earth'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 14:19 originally had:
"gathered the grapes from earth's vineyard"?
"gathered the vines of the earth"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:19
Berean Literal Bible
And the angel put forth his sickle to the earth and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast them into the great winepress of the wrath of God.
King James Bible
And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God.
Holman Christian Standard Bible
So the angel swung his sickle toward earth and gathered the grapes from earth's vineyard, and he threw them into the great winepress of God's wrath.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the Angel thrust his sickle unto The Earth and gathered the vines of The Earth and cast into the great winepress of the passion of God.

Revelation 14:19 - And the angel cast his sickle to the earth and harvested the grapes of the earth and cast them into the great winepress of the wrath of GOD.
harvested - more literally: 'gathered', but that word does not fit the image of the sickle in Dutch.
the grapes of the earth - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of... reads: “the grapes of the vine (or “vineyard”) of the earth.”

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 14:20 originally had:
"1600 stadia"?
"1200 stadia"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 14:20
Berean Literal Bible
And the winepress was trodden outside the city, and blood flowed out of the winepress, as high as the bridles of the horses, to the distance of one thousand six hundred stadia.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the winepress was trodden outside the city and blood came out of the winepress unto the bridle of the horses for 1200 stadia.
World English Bible
The winepress was trodden outside of the city, and blood came out from the winepress, even to the bridles of the horses, as far as one thousand six hundred stadia.

Revelation 14:20 - The winepress was trodden out of the city, and blood came out of the winepress to the bridles of the horses, twelve hundred furlongs, (more than two hundred and twenty miles).
twelve hundred - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'sixteen hundred'. An important argument in the discussion about the number is that the Greek Codex Sinaiticus from the 4th century has the reading: six two hundred (numbers).
stadiums - an Olympic stadium at that time had a length of 185 meters, that is 1 stadium.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 15:2 originally had:
"beast... image... mark... number"?
"beast... image... number"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 15:2
King James Bible
And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I saw as a sea of glass mingled with fire, and those who were victorious over The Beast and over its Image and over the number of its name, and they stood over the sea of glass and had with them the stringed instruments of God.
Literal Standard Version
and I saw as a sea of glass mingled with fire, and those who gain the victory over the beast, and his image, and his mark, [and] the number of his name, standing by the sea of the glass, having harps of God,
World English Bible
I saw something like a sea of glass mixed with fire, and those who overcame the beast, his image, and the number of his name, standing on the sea of glass, having harps of God.

Revelation 15:2 - And [I saw] what was like a sea of glass mingled with fire, and the conquerors of the beast and of his image and of the number of his name stood by the sea of glass with the harps of GOD.
the overcomers of the beast and of his image and of the number of his name - 'the overcomers' is literally 'those who had overcome'. In the reading of the Greek TR also follows 'and of his mark', but we do not find those words in the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT, nor in the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta.

==========================.
Do you think Revelation 15:3 originally had:
"kurios"/ lord?
"MrYa"/ Master YHWH? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"works... ways"?
"works... works"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"King of the nations"?
"King of the saints"?
"King of the age(s)/world(s)"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 15:3
King James Bible
And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And they sang the song of Moses the Servant of God and the song of The Lamb. They were saying: "Great and marvelous are your works, LORD JEHOVAH God Almighty. Just and true are your works, King of the universe."
World English Bible
They sang the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, "Great and marvelous are your works, Lord God, the Almighty! Righteous and true are your ways, you King of the nations.

Revelation 15:3 - They sang the song of Moses the servant of GOD, and the song of the Lamb, saying: "Great and marvelous are your works, O LORD GOD Almighty! Just and true are your works, (You are the) King of the ages!
LORD - this Name (Hebrew: YaHWeH, Aramaic: Mar-Jah, the Dutch LORD is not a translation, but a reverent reference to the Name YaHWeH) we find only in the Aramaic Peshitta. In the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR it says: 'the Lord' (Kurios).
verily are your works - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'Truly are your ways'.
King of the ages - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta, possibly also translating as 'king of the universe' (ie 'of the heavens and the earth'). The reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT is: 'King of the nations', and the reading of the Greek TR is: 'King of the saints'.

==========================.
Do you think Revelation 15:4 originally had:
"kurios"/ lord?
"MrYa"/ Master YHWH? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"worship before you, because your righteous acts have been revealed"?
"worship before you, because you are true"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 15:4
King James Bible
Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name?
for thou only art holy:
for all nations shall come and worship before thee;
for thy judgments are made manifest.
World English Bible
Who wouldn't fear you, Lord, and glorify your name?
For you only are holy.
For all the nations will come and worship before you.
For your righteous acts have been revealed."

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Who will not reverence you, LORD JEHOVAH, and glorify your name?
For you alone are holy.
Therefore, all the nations will come and will worship before you,
because you are true."

Rev 15:4 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
Who will not fear you, LORD, and glorify your name?
Because you alone are innocent,
because all the nations will come and will worship before you,
because you are right."

Revelation 15:4 - Who will not fear thee, O LORD, and glorify thy name?
For You alone are spotless.
Therefore all nations will come and worship You,
for You are true!"
because ... verily - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'for your judgments have become manifest.' In the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta we find this sentence formulated slightly differently in Op. 16:5 viz.: 'because thou hast ordained these things', while the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR of that verse is: 'because thou hast executed these judgments'.

==========================.
Do you think Revelation 15:5 originally had:
"I looked, and behold, the temple"?
"I looked, and the temple"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 15:5
King James Bible
And after that I looked, and, behold, the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony in heaven was opened:
Literal Standard Version
And after these things I saw, and behold, the temple of the Dwelling Place of the Testimony was opened in Heaven;
World English Bible
After these things I looked, and the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony in heaven was opened.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
But after these things, I looked, and the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony was opened in Heaven.

Rev 15:5 (APNT)
And after these [things], I looked and the temple of the tabernacle of witness was opened in heaven.

Revelation 15:5 - After this I saw the Temple of the Dwelling of the Testimony in heaven open.
I saw - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28, MHT. Only in the reading of the Greek TR follows: 'and see'.

==========================.
Do you think Revelation 15:6 originally had:
"came out"?
"came out of the temple"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 15:6
King James Bible
And the seven angels came out of the temple, having the seven plagues, clothed in pure and white linen, and having their breasts girded with golden girdles.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the seven Angels went out from the Temple, who had with them the seven plagues, while wearing pure and bright linen and bound around their chests with a golden wrap.
Literal Standard Version
and the seven messengers having the seven plagues came forth out of the temple, clothed in linen, pure and radiant, and girded around the breasts with golden girdles:
World English Bible
The seven angels who had the seven plagues came out, clothed with pure, bright linen, and wearing golden sashes around their breasts.

Revelation 15:6 - The seven angels who had the seven plagues came out of the Temple, clothed in pure and bright linen, and girded about their breasts with a golden girdle.
from the Temple - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and TR. The words are missing in the Greek MHT.

==========================.
Do you think Revelation 15:7 originally had:
"seven golden vessels"?
"seven vessels"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"God, who is living for the ages of the ages"?
"God, who is a/The Life for the ages of the ages, amen/ continuing"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 15:7
King James Bible
And one of the four beasts gave unto the seven angels seven golden vials full of the wrath of God, who liveth for ever and ever.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And one of The Four Beasts gave to the seven Angels seven vessels full of the passion of God, who is The Life for the eternity of eternities. Amen.
Literal Standard Version
and one of the four living creatures gave to the seven messengers seven golden bowls, full of the wrath of God, who is living through the ages of the ages;

Rev 15:7 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And one of the four living creatures gave to the seven angels seven bowls filled with the fury of God, who is alive forever and ever. Amen.

Revelation 15:7 - One of the four living entities gave the seven angels [seven bowls], filled with the wrath of GOD who is Life for all eternity. Amen!
seven bowls - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is: 'seven golden bowls'. We assume that each angel was given one bowl.
who is Life for all eternity - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR is: 'who lives forever and ever'.
Reply
#56
"NIV... is based on false manuscripts"
How "false"-- details?

"The KJV is based on the Textus Receptus, a majority text with an unbroken pedigree"
Do you agree with me that majority opinion is often incorrect?
What do you make of mistranslations in the KJV (and moreover, in all translations from the Greek, which was in turn translated from the original Aramaic)?

====================================================.
semiticism: redundant pronoun at Rev 12:4 and Rev 5:8
Hoskier on word order of Rev 12:3

When Rev 12:4 was originally composed, do you think it had the semiticism of a superfluous pronoun?
The Aramaic Crawford has such, as do at-least 11 Greek mss.

Revelation 12:4b (based on Glaser)
And the dragon/second stands/rises being before the woman
who was prepared of/she giving birth,
that when she has birthed,
n-a-k-L-i-u-h-i will consume (plural) him
L'b-r-h to her son.

Revelation 12:4b
https://biblehub.com/text/revelation/12-4.htm
And the
δράκων/ drakōn/ dragon
stands before the
γυναικὸς/ gynaikos/ woman
being about to bring forth,
so that when she should bring forth, the
τέκνον/ teknon/ child
αὐτῆς/ autēs/ of her
καταφάγῃ/ kataphagē/ he might devour

Hoskier - Concerning the Text of the Apokalypse (1929), vol. 2 pg 314 speaking of Rev 12:4's having at its very end an additional concluding word in some mss.
https://archive.org/details/Hoskier-Conc...1/mode/2up
https://archive.org/stream/Hoskier-Conce...n_djvu.txt
_fin_. +αυτο 23 [_non_ 55] 34-35-87-124-132-156, 164/5 [_non_ 166], 181-188 _copt_, +αυτω 200.
+ eum _Vict_. (_apud Apr._), +eum, ille draco _arm α_. 1. 2.

846. autos
https://biblehub.com/greek/846.htm
autos: (1) self (emphatic) (2) he, she, it (used for the third pers. pron.) (3) the same
Original Word: αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό
Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Transliteration: autos
Phonetic Spelling: (ow-tos')
Definition: (1) self (emphatic) (2) he, she, it (used for the third person pronoun) (3) the same
Usage: he, she, it, they, them, same.

https://biblescan.com/searchgreek.php?q=...F%84%CF%89
https://biblehub.com/greek/1473.htm
Strong's Greek: 848. αὑτοῦ (hautou) -- her own, his own, their own, themselves, they.
.... Forms and Transliterations ... αυτω ....
https://biblehub.com/greek/848.htm
Strong's Greek: 846. αὐτός (autos) -- (1) self (emphatic) (2) he, she, it (used for the third pers. pron.) (3) the same
... αυτο .... αυτω....

Hat tip:
H.C. Hoskier, "Manuscripts of the Apocalypse - Recent Investigations: V" (1924), 412-443, 438-440
jstor.org/stable/10.2307/community.28211048
CONCLUSION.
Can history express the very early polyglot interaction more clearly? It would not seem possible, but it requires infinite patience to convince oneself, and I can only indicate the path leading to true Knowledge. It has its penances and its disappointments, but it is the only one (as the Indians say) which leads to Emancipation! As regards the Seer's own Syro-Greek style, observe the following redundant relative constructions (hitherto barely touched upon by other critics), a real Semitic-- (whether Hebraic or Aramaic)-- mode of expression, to be paralleled as far back as in Genesis, _viz.:_
Apoc. ii. 7 and 17. ....
iii. 8. ....
vi. 4. ....
vii. 2. ....
9. ....
xii. 4. .... (some MSS) ....
xiii. 12. ....
xvii. 9. ....
xx. 8. .... (some MSS. omit) ....

Now notice the same proportionate number of similar expressions in the book of Genesis: (Hebrew order of words) :

Gen. iv. 5. Hath appointed to me God seed another instead of Abel whom slew him Cain.
v. 29. Because of the ground which hath cursed it Jehovah.
xix. 29. When he overthrew the cities in which dwelt in them Lot.
xxiv. 3 and 37. Not thou shalt take a wife unto my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, whom I dwell in the midst of them.
xxiv. 14. And let it come to pass that the damsel whom I shall say to her. . . .
xxx. 26. Give me my wives and my children whom I have served thee for them.
xxxi. 13. I am the God of Bethel where thou annointedst there the pillar, and where thou vowest unto me there a vow.
xxxiv. 8. Shechem my son longeth the soul of him for your daughter.
xxxvii. 13. And Israel loved Joseph more than all his children because the son of his old age he was his.
xliii. 38. If befall him mischief by the way the which ye go in it.
xliv. 16 and 17. Behold we are the servants of my Lord, both we and also he whom is found the cup in the hand of him.
xlv. 4. And he said I am Joseph your brother whom ye sold me into Egypt.
xlviii. 15. The God whom did walk my fathers before him.

Thus a link (of most undesigned coincidence), is formed between the first and the last books of the Canon, and marks the Alpha and Omega of our scriptures, and a continuity, which the ultra-modernist-- (God forgive his conceit and complacency)-- with all the ingenuity at his command, is not able to break nor to weaken.

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When Rev 5:8 was originally composed, do you think it had the semiticism of a superfluous pronoun?
The Aramaic Crawford has such, as do at-least 5 Greek mss.

Revelation 5:8 (based on Glaser)
a-k-d And when
sh-q-L-h taking/lifting it
L-k-th-b-a to the book/writing,
four living beings and twenty and four elders fall down before him-- that lamb--....

Revelation 5:8a
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/5-8.htm
Καὶ/ And
hote/ ὅτε/ when
elaben/ ἔλαβεν/ He had taken
to/ τὸ/ the
biblion/ βιβλίον/ scroll
ta/ τὰ/ the
tessara/ τέσσαρα/ four ....

Hoskier - Concerning the Text of the Apokalypse (1929), vol. 2 pg 152 speaking of Rev 5:8's having near its beginning an additional pronoun in some mss.
https://archive.org/details/Hoskier-Conc...1/mode/2up
https://archive.org/stream/Hoskier-Conce...n_djvu.txt
τουτο _pro_ το βιβλιον 119-123-144-148-158 _sah_, τουτο το βιβλιον _aeth_.

5124. touto
https://biblehub.com/greek/5124.htm
touto: this; he, she, it
Original Word: τοῦτο
Transliteration: touto
Phonetic Spelling: (too'-to)
Definition: this; he, she, it
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
neut. sing. nom. or acc. of houtos,, q.v.

Hat tip:
H.C. Hoskier, "Manuscripts of the Apocalypse - Recent Investigations: V" (1924), 412-443, 422
jstor.org/stable/10.2307/community.28211048

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Do you think Rev 6:12 originally had:
sackcloth?
wineskin? (Crawford contains that)

Do you think Rev 12:3's original word order was:
"another sign"?
"sign another"? (Crawford contains that)

Glaser's PDF http://dukhrana.com/crawford/files/Revel...l-Data.pdf
SP [Standard Peshitto] has 0qs [s-q-a] ("sackcloth"), whereas Crawford has 0qz [z-q-a] ("wineskin"). Both words convey the idea of a black sun like an animal's outer layer, but they are also quite distinct in meaning. The reference to a black wineskin is made in Psalm 119:83, and curiously that Hebrew word is d0n [n-a-d] which is like the rootword SP used earlier in the verse to describe an earthquake (0dwn) [n-u-d-a].

Hoskier - Concerning the Text of the Apokalypse (1929), vol. 2 pg 9
https://archive.org/details/Hoskier-Conc...1/mode/2up
https://archive.org/stream/Hoskier-Conce...n_djvu.txt
As to _syr_S [i.e. the Crawford Revelation].
Gwynn's edition of the elder Syriac or _syr_S. For some reason later writers persist in calling this philoxenian, and Horner designates it as _syr ph_. But the appellations of _syr_S and Σ for earlier and later Syriac were so simple in a critical apparatus. Why change? For my part I refuse to do so, and that simply for the sake of perpetuating sound traditions, as against unnecessary change, and in the interests of simplification for future students.

The trouble with Gwynn's otherwise most excellent study is that whenever he found a various reading in his Syriac, which by a slight adjustment of a letter or a point could be brought into harmony with the then known Greek, he did so. It is unfortunate, because my labours have since produced Greek witness for most of his doubtful Syriac readings.

Notably at vi. 12 ασκος for σακκος is now attested by all my five mss. of _fam_ 119, a true Graeco-Syriac family. Again, in a very small place at XII. 3 I found _fam_ 119, varied the order of
kαὶ ὤφθη αλλο σημειον
to
k. ωφθη σημειον αλλο [αλλο: "another"; σημεῖον: "sign"]
for which none of the other Greeks or Versions seemed to vouch ; nor did Gwynn or Horner report this for _syr_S, yet there it stands, σημειον preceding αλλο. In Syriac the word for signum is ala, hence easy confusion of order.
_Syr_S is entitled to respect, but when absolutely alone it can be neglected, as it seems to be a very independent recension.

Revelation 12:3
Kai/ Καὶ/ And
ōphthē/ ὤφθη/ was seen
allo/ ἄλλο/ another
sēmeion/ σημεῖον/ sign
en/ ἐν/ in
tō/ τῷ/ the
ouranō/ οὐρανῷ/ heaven ....

Revelation 6:12
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/6-12.htm
.... kai/ καὶ/ and
ho/ ὁ/ the
hēlios/ ἥλιος/ sun
egeneto/ ἐγένετο/ became
melas/ μέλας/ black
hōs/ ὡς/ as
sakkos/ σάκκος/ sackcloth
trichinos/ τρίχινος/ of hair ....

ασκός
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%CF...F%8C%CF%82
Alternative forms
ασκί n (askí) (literary)
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀσκός (askós).
Noun
ασκός • (askós) m (plural ασκοί)
animal skin, goatskin, wineskin
bag .... Aeolus bound all the winds in a bag and gave it to Odysseus.
(anatomy) sac (bag shaped organ)
container shaped like a wineskin

=========================================================.
"There are no mistranslations in the KJV"

Aramaic original New Testament theory
wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_original_New_Testament_theory
....accurate translations of the original Aramaic remove several mistranslations present in Greek manuscripts:

mistranslation at Mt 1:16
Greek manuscripts of Matthew's genealogy list 14, 14, and 13 generations. In Aramaic mss. of Matthew's genealogy, with Mt 1:16's "gbra" correctly translated as father/guardian, Matthew's genealogy lists 14, 14, and 14 generations. Mary had a father/guardian named Joseph (plus a husband also called Joseph). Native Aramaic speaker Paul Younan detected this mistranslation.

mistranslation at Mt 26:6 and Mk 14:3
Greek mss. have Jesus and his disciples visiting the house of a leper. The Greek translation from Aramaic has leper at Mt 26:6 and Mk 14:3, while the Aramaic allows for potter. Lepers were unclean and weren't allowed to have guests over. It's actually Simon the potter. To continue to call someone a leper even after he'd been healed of leprosy would have constituted slander.

mistranslations at Mt 7:6
For Mt 7:6, it's actually 'hang earrings on dogs,' not 'give a holy thing to dogs.' Native Aramaic speaker Paul Younan noticed the two mistranslations in this verse.

mistranslation at Mark 9:49 ....
mistranslation at Lk 14:26 ....
mistranslation at John 13:13
Jesus spoke in Aramaic what became John 13:13a. Greek mss. have Jesus say, "ὑμεῖς φωνεῖτέ με Ὁ διδάσκαλος καί Ὁ κύριος" (W&H, NA28 variants). "φωνεῖτέ" ('to call out') was an incorrect word choice for the Greek rendition of his remark: "Ὑμεῖς φωνεῖτέ με Ὁ διδάσκαλος καί Ὁ κύριος [you call me, Teacher and Lord] is bad Greek, just about as astonishing as if one should say in English: "you cry me teacher and lord." The right word, which John knew quite well, would have been καλεῖτε. Why did he ever write φωνεῖν?"[28]

mistranslation for Acts 2:24....
mistranslation for Acts 5:13....
mistranslation for Acts 8:23....
mistranslation for Acts 8:27....
mistranslation at Rev 1:13....
mistranslation at Rev 2:22....
mistranslation at Rev 10:1....
mistranslations at Mt 5:13 and Lk 14:34 (but not at Mk 9:50)
Matthew 5:13 and Luke 14:34 in Greek mss. have an erroneous translation of the original Aramaic th-p-k-h by rendering it as μωρανθῇ/ foolish. In contrast, Mark 9:50 in Greek mss. correctly render Jesus' remarks about salt that becomes ἄναλον/ unsalty.

"There is no Aramaic New Testament"

_Aramaic Peshitta New Testament Translation_ (2011) by Janet Magiera
amazon.com/Aramaic-Peshitta-New-Testament-Translation/dp/0982008554/

===========================================.
"Greek was the scholarly language at the time it was written"
I agree Paul was scholarly, and could speak Greek. Do you think Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, James, and Peter:
were scholarly? could speak Greek?

Acts 4:13 (NIV), biblehub.com/acts/4-13.htm
When they saw the courage of Peter and John and realized that they were unschooled, ordinary men, they were astonished and they took note that these men had been with Jesus.

"the Septuagint which preceded the books of the New Testament, even though it was an erroneous translation from Hebrew to Greek, was a translation into Greek and not Aramaic"
The book of Daniel "preceded the books of the New Testament," and was originally partially if not wholly in Aramaic. Copies of Daniel today are partially Aramaic.
The book of Ezra "preceded the books of the New Testament" and is partially in Aramaic.
The Targums of the OT (exception: Daniel, which lacks a Targum) were completed by A.D. 200, and are in Aramaic.
The Peshitta OT (including the Apochrypha) was completed by A.D. 200, and is in Aramaic.

Do you agree with R.H. Charles that "the chief Hebraisms in the Apocalypse... are sufficient to prove that it is more Hebraic than the LXX itself"?

_The Original Language of the Apocalypse_ by Robert Balgarnie Young Scott (1928), 25pp.
https://docplayer.net/52870343-The-apoca...erend.html
Charles' own explanation is that the author writes in Greek but thinks in Hebrew. This may be questioned from the following stand-points. An author who is so imperfectly acquainted with Greek would be unlikely to choose it as a medium of literary expression. Again, if he were thinking in one language and writing in another, his thoughts would be expressed in the language of everyday speech, which at this period was not Hebrew but Aramaic.^1 [1: cf. G.F. Moore: Judaism, vol. i, p. 302] Moreover, Charles himself finds this hypothesis insufficient and is forced to postulate translation from Semitic sources, as, for example, in cap. 12. But the idioms of cap. 12 are found elsewhere in places where the use of sources is not suggested. Finally, the transliterations and mistranslations later to be noted are inexplicable on the theory that the Apocalypse was composed in Greek.
Charles unconsciously gives away his case when he says: "the chief Hebraisms in the Apocalypse... are sufficient to prove that it is more Hebraic than the LXX itself". There is only one thing that is more Hebraic than a translation from Hebrew, and that is a translation that is more literal and not so well done.
We come to the conclusion, therefore, that the Apocalypse as a whole is a translation from Hebrew or Aramaic, while leaving room for the possibility of minor editorial alterations after it was in a Greek form.

"There is no Greek manuscript that has a traceable lineage from an Aramaic source text"
All Greek mss. exhibit mistranslations from Aramaic, and semiticisms-- some more so than others, esp. the 4 Gospels, the 1st half of Acts, and Revelation.
Are you aware of _any_ Greek manuscript that has a "traceable lineage" back to say: A.D. 100? A.D. 250?

"shouldn't you be providing evidence that there is an Aramaic source text for the New Testament?"
The Peshitta NT is the Aramaic source text for the New Testament (exception: the 'Western Five' of 2 Peter, 2 Jn, 3 Jn, Jude, and Revelation).
The Crawford ms. of Revelation is the Aramaic source text for the book of Revelation.

"God's promise that he guarantees their preservation"
Who or what is "their"?

"Don't you believe the bible?"
About what, specifically? (that the earth is flat? that the sun goes around the earth?)

"Psalms 12:7 Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever."
Do you think "them" is: the Bible? particular written statements?

"1 Corinthians 2:14 But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned."
What do you conclude from that verse?

================================================.
"every verse of the King James Bible is scripture; God's inspired word in English.
2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:
Why do you quote the NIV which contains obvious errors?"

I make use of several versions. When I quote the NIV, I give you the opportunity to tell me where it went wrong.
By "scripture," do you think 2 Timothy 3:16 means 'the KJV version'?
Do you think Revelation 22:19 originally had:
"tree of life"?
"book of life"?

Revelation 22:19
https://biblehub.com/revelation/22-19.htm
Berean Literal Bible
And if anyone should take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, of those having been written in this book.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
“And whoever subtracts from the words of the Scripture of this prophecy, God shall subtract his part from The Tree of Life and from The Holy City, those things which are written in this book.”

King James Bible
And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.
Douay-Rheims Bible
And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from these things that are written in this book.

"Erasmus and the Text of Revelation 22:19: A Critique of Thomas Holland’s Crowned With Glory" by Jan Krans
PDF: http://www.reltech.org/TC/v16/Krans2011.pdf
The story of Erasmus’ retranslation of the final verses of Revelation from the Vulgate into Greek is well-known and discussed in every textbook on New Testament textual criticism. The basic elements or facts are the following. The first edition of the New Testament with a Greek text was prepared by Erasmus and published in 1516. For Revelation, he based his Greek text on a single manuscript, minuscule 1^r (now numbered 2814 according to the new Gregory-Aland number). This manuscript, however, lacks the final verses of the book, and in order to have a complete text, Erasmus retranslated these verses into Greek from the Latin. Elements of his retranslation survive in every edition of the so-called Textus Receptus, the standard text of the printed Greek New Testament until the nineteenth century. Obviously, for those who try to defend the Textus Receptus as the original text of the Greek New Testament, this story poses something of a problem. Here is one text in which the presumably uninterrupted line of transmission is demonstrably broken. Only a miracle could have made Erasmus produce exactly the same text as the original Greek, and such a miracle did not happen.

"strawman"
How could I improve what I posted to make it better present your view?
Do you see anything erroneous here?:

_Scribal Habits and Theological Influences in the Apocalypse: The Singular Readings of Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, and Ephraemi_ by Juan Hernandez (2006), 241pp., on 13
https://www.amazon.com/Scribal-Habits-Th...161491122/
look inside:
amazon.co.uk/Scribal-Habits-Theological-Influences-Apocalypse-ebook/dp/B083W1HGW5/
However, only one very defective MS was available for the Apocalypse, Codex Reuchlin-- a twelfth-century MS that lacked the final leaf, which contained Rev. 22:16-21.^11 As is widely known, for this section Erasmus went back to the Latin Vulgate and retranslated it into Greek, resulting in a number of readings unattested anywhere else in the entire Greek MS tradition (in one case, even the Greek language!).^12 What is less publicized, however, is the fact that Erasmus also did this for other parts of the Apocalypse, where his Greek MS differed from the Latin Vulgate.^13
Reply
#57
Do you think Revelation 16:1 originally had:
"pour out the bowls"?
"pour out the seven bowls"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:1
King James Bible
And I heard a great voice out of the temple saying to the seven angels, Go your ways, and pour out the vials of the wrath of God upon the earth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I heard a great voice from the Temple that said to the seven Angels: "Go and pour out the seven vessels of the passion of God on The Earth."
Literal Standard Version
And I heard a great voice out of the temple saying to the seven messengers, "Go away, and pour out the bowls of the wrath of God into the earth";
World English Bible
I heard a loud voice out of the temple, saying to the seven angels, "Go and pour out the seven bowls of the wrath of God on the earth!"

Revelation 16:1 - [I heard] a loud voice from the Temple say to the seven angels: "Go and pour out the seven bowls of the wrath of GOD on the earth!"
loud - literally: 'big'.
seven bowls - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. In the reading of the Greek TR the number 'seven' is missing.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:3 originally had:
"into the sea, and it became blood as of [one] dead"?
"into the sea, and the sea became as [one] dead"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:3
King James Bible
And the second angel poured out his vial upon the sea; and it became as the blood of a dead man: and every living soul died in the sea.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the second Angel poured his vessel into The Sea and The Sea became as dead, and every living animal in the sea died.
Literal Standard Version
And the second messenger poured out his bowl into the sea, and it became blood as of [one] dead, and every living soul in the sea died.
World English Bible
The second angel poured out his bowl into the sea, and it became blood as of a dead man. Every living thing in the sea died.

Revelation 16:3 - [The second angel] poured out his bowl into the sea and the sea became as dead because every living thing died in the sea.
and the sea became as dead - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'and it became blood as of a dead man'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:4 originally had:
"the third poured"?
"the third messenger poured"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:4
King James Bible
And the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters; and they became blood.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the third Angel poured his vessel into the rivers and into the springs of water, and they became blood.
Literal Standard Version
And the third messenger poured out his bowl into the rivers, and into the fountains of the waters, and there came blood,
World English Bible
The third poured out his bowl into the rivers and springs of water, and they became blood.

Revelation 16:4 - [The third angel] poured out his bowl into the rivers and into the springs of water, and the waters turned to blood.
angel - the word 'angel' does not appear in the reading of the Greek NA28, but in the reading of Greek MHT and TR and of the Aramaic Peshitta.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:5 originally had:
"you are righteous, O Lord"?
"you are righteous"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"are and were and shall be"?
"are and were, and you are holy"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:5
King James Bible
And I heard the angel of the waters say, Thou art righteous, O Lord, which art, and wast, and shalt be,
because thou hast judged thus.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I heard the Angel of the waters saying, "You are righteous, who are and have been, and you are holy,
who have decreed these things,
World English Bible
I heard the angel of the waters saying, "You are righteous, who are and who were, you Holy One,
because you have judged these things.

Revelation 16:5 - I heard the angel of the waters say: "You are righteous, (You) who are and who were, and (You) are holy, because You have executed these judgments.
just - this is the reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT and of the Aramaic Peshitta. Only in the reading of the Greek TR follows: "O Lord."
and who is holy - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of....

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:6 originally had:
"of the saints and prophets"?
"of the prophets and of the saints"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:6
King James Bible
For they have shed the blood of saints and prophets, and thou hast given them blood to drink; for they are worthy.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Because they have shed the blood of the Prophets and of The Holy Ones, and you have given them blood to drink. They deserve it."
Literal Standard Version
because they poured out [the] blood of holy ones and prophets, and You gave to them blood to drink, for they are worthy";
World English Bible
For they poured out the blood of the saints and the prophets, and you have given them blood to drink. They deserve this."

Revelation 16:6 - Because they shed the blood of the prophets and of the saints, you also gave them blood to drink. They deserved it."
of the prophets and of the saints - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'of the saints and of the prophets'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:7 originally had:
"kurios"/ lord?
"MrYa"/ Master YHWH? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:7
Berean Literal Bible
And I heard the altar saying: "Yes, Lord God Almighty, true and righteous are Your judgments."
King James Bible
And I heard another out of the altar say, Even so, Lord God Almighty, true and righteous are thy judgments.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And I heard the altar saying: "Yes, LORD JEHOVAH God Almighty, true and righteous are your judgments."
World English Bible
I heard the altar saying, "Yes, Lord God, the Almighty, true and righteous are your judgments."

Revelation 16:7 - And I heard (someone) at the altar say: "Yes, LORD GOD, Almighty, your judgments are true and righteous."
LORD - this is the Name Mar-Jah in the Aramaic Peshitta, which we read in the Hebrew of the OT as YaHWeH. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT, and TR reads: "Lord," i.e., "Kurios."

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:8 originally had:
"the fourth poured"?
"the fourth angel poured"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:8
Berean Literal Bible
And the fourth poured out his bowl upon the sun, and there was given to it to scorch men with fire.
King James Bible
And the fourth angel poured out his vial upon the sun; and power was given unto him to scorch men with fire.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the fourth Angel poured his vessel over the Sun, and it was given him to scorch people with fire.
World English Bible
The fourth poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was given to him to scorch men with fire.

Revelation 16:8 - [The fourth angel] poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was given to her to scorch the people with fire.
the fourth angel - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR. In the reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT the word 'angel' is missing.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:10 originally had:
"the fifth poured"?
"the fifth angel poured"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:10
Berean Literal Bible
And the fifth poured out his bowl upon the throne of the beast, and its kingdom became darkened, and they were gnawing their tongues for the distress,
King James Bible
And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast; and his kingdom was full of darkness; and they gnawed their tongues for pain,
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the fifth Angel poured his vessel over the throne of The Beast, and its Kingdom became darkness, and they were gnawing their tongues from the pain.
World English Bible
The fifth poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast, and his kingdom was darkened. They gnawed their tongues because of the pain,

Revelation 16:10 - [The fifth angel] poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast, and his kingdom was darkened, and they bit their tongues with pain
The fifth angel - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR. In the reading of the Greek NA28 and the MHT the word 'angel' is missing.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:12 originally had:
"the sixth poured"?
"the sixth angel poured"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:12
Berean Literal Bible
And the sixth poured out his bowl upon the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up, so that the way might be prepared of the kings of the rising of the sun.
King James Bible
And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates; and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the sixth Angel poured his vessel over the great river Euphrates, and its waters dried up that the way of the Kings from the East may be prepared.
World English Bible
The sixth poured out his bowl on the great river, the Euphrates. Its water was dried up, that the way might be prepared for the kings that come from the sunrise.

Revelation 16:12 - [The sixth angel] poured out his bowl upon the great river Euphrates, and its waters were dried up so that the way was prepared for the kings who come from whence the sun rises.
The sixth angel - this is the reading of the Greek TR and of the Aramaic Peshitta. In the reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT the word 'angel' is missing.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:14 originally had:
"the kings of the earth and of the whole world"?
"the kings of the inhabited world"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:14
Berean Literal Bible
for they are spirits of demons, performing signs, which go forth to the kings of the whole inhabited world, to gather them together unto the battle of the great day of God the Almighty.
King James Bible
For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
For they are the spirits of Demons who performs signs, which go into the Kings of the habitable Earth, to gather them to the war of that great day of God Almighty.
World English Bible
for they are spirits of demons, performing signs; which go forth to the kings of the whole inhabited earth, to gather them together for the war of that great day of God, the Almighty.

Revelation 16:14 - For they are the spirits of demons who do signs that go out to the kings of the inhabited world to gather them for battle on the great day of GOD the Almighty.
the kings of ... the inhabited world - this is the reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and of the Aramean Peshitta. Only from the Greek TR is the reading: "the kings of the earth and of all the world." See also the note to Dan. 7:8.
the battle - or: 'the war'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:16 originally had:
"Har-Mageddon/ Armageddon"?
"Megiddo"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Did the word originally have:
2 "d"s?
1 "d"? (1 "d" is an older spelling. Crawford has such: M-g-d-u.)



Revelation 16:16
Berean Literal Bible
And he gathered them together unto the place called in Hebrew Armageddon.
King James Bible
And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And he shall gather them to the place called, in Hebrew,"Megiddo".
World English Bible
He gathered them together into the place which is called in Hebrew, Megiddo.

Revelation 16:16 - And he gathered them together in the place which is called "Megiddo" in Hebrew.
Megiddo - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek MHT. The reading of the Greek NA28 and TR is: 'Armageddon' or 'Har-Mageddon', which is 'the mountain of Megiddo'. The place is located in the north of Israel in the valley plain of Jezreel and the mountain, more precisely 'hill' (because it is definitely not a mountain), near Megiddo is now called 'Tell-Megiddo'. It is strange that the Greek text also speaks of the Hebrew name, but then 'Har-Megid(d)on' as the Hebrew name indicates, sometimes with a single 'd' (MHT, NA28), sometimes with a double 'd' (TR).

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:17 originally had:
"the seventh poured"?
"the seventh angel poured"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"from the temple of heaven from the throne"?
"from the temple from before the throne"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:17
Berean Literal Bible
And the seventh poured out his bowl upon the air, and a loud voice came out from the temple, from the throne, saying, "It is done!"
King James Bible
And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, It is done.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the seventh Angel poured his vessel into the air, and a great voice went out from The Temple from before the throne, which said, "It is done."
World English Bible
The seventh poured out his bowl into the air. A loud voice came forth out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, "It is done!"

Revelation 16:17 - [The seventh angel] poured out his bowl into the air and a loud voice came from the Temple from before the throne, saying: "It is done!"
The seventh angel - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta.... In the reading of... the word 'angel' is missing.
from the Temple - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28. In the reading of the Greek TR and MHT we find hereafter the words: 'from heaven'.
loud - literally: 'big'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 16:18 originally had:
"lightnings and voices and thunders"?
"voices and thunders and lightnings"?
"lightnings and thunders"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 16:18
Berean Literal Bible
And there were flashes of lightning, and voices, and thunders; and there was a great earthquake, such as there had not been since men were upon the earth--so great was the earthquake, so mighty,
King James Bible
And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And there were lightnings and thunders and there was a great earthquake, the like of which earthquake there has not been since people have been upon The Earth, it was so great.
World English Bible
There were lightnings, sounds, and thunders; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since there were men on the earth, so great an earthquake, so mighty.

Revelation 16:18 - And there came lightnings and thunders, and (there came) a great earthquake such as there has never been an earthquake since there were men on the earth, so great.
lightnings and thunders - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of... is: 'lightnings, voices and thunders', and the reading of... is: 'voices, thunders and lightnings'.
Reply
#58
mistranslation at Rev 21:27

When Rev 21:27 was originally written, do you think it ended with:
"except for those written in the Lamb's book of life"?
"only those written in the Lamb's book of life"?

The Aramaic can be understood either way, and is best translated as "only those written."
The Greek mistranslated the Aramaic to get "except for those written."

When Rev 21:27 was originally written, do you think it had the double negative "no not shall"?
Greek "And no not shall enter into it" vs. Aramaic "And not will be there"

Rev 21:27 (APNT)
https://aramaicdb.lightofword.org/en/new...ons-search
And there will not be there any[one] unclean,
nor he who practices corruption and falsehood,
but only those who are written in the book of the Lamb.

_A Grammar of New Testament Greek by James Hope Moulton, Vol. IV Style_ by Nigel Turner (1976), 174pp., on 150
There is a clear Aramaism in the confusion of _ei me_ and _alla_ (Black^3 114; _Grammar_ III 330; cf. pp. 13, 92, 150). Aramaic _illa_ was sufficiently like Greek _alla_, to become a homonym, and that must have resulted in a blurring of distinctions in Greek. _But_ adversative is required in 21^27, not _except_, for "those written in the Lamb's Book of Life" are not "unclean."

_A Grammar of New Testament Greek by James Hope Moulton, Vol. III Syntax_ by Nigel Turner (1963), 417pp., on 330
It is clear from Mk 4^22 that ἀλλά must sometimes have the meaning of εἰ μή _except_ (so Mt 20^23, and
ἀλλ’ η in Lk 12^51 2 Co 1^13), just as εἰ μή serves for ἀλλά (Luke 4^26.27)-- a confusion which may be traceable to Aramaic influence.

Revelation 21:27
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/21-27.htm
And
ou/ οὐ/ no
mē/ μὴ/ not
shall enter into it
pan/ πᾶν/ anything
defiling and those practicing abomination and
pseudos/ ψεῦδος/ a lie
1487 ei/ εἰ/ if
3361 mē/ μὴ/ not
those
gegrammenoi/ γεγραμμένοι/ having been written
in the
bibliō/ βιβλίῳ/ book
tēs/ τῆς/ the
zōēs/ ζωῆς/ of life
of the
Arniou/ Ἀρνίου/ Lamb

Revelation 21:27 (based on Glaser)
u-L-a And not
will be there any impure/unclean
and of working pollution/defilement/corruption
and of falsity
a-L-a only/except
a-n if
those
d'k-th-i-b-n of written
b'k-th-b-h in his book/writing
d'-a-m-r-a of the Lamb/contract.

Mark 4:22
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/mark/4-22.htm
Nothing
gar/ γάρ/ for
there is which [is]
krypton/ κρυπτὸν/ hidden
ean/ ἐὰν/ if
mē/ μὴ/ not
that
phanerōthē/ φανερωθῇ/ it should be made manifest
oude/ οὐδὲ/ nor
has taken place
apokryphon/ ἀπόκρυφον/ a secret thing
all’/ ἀλλ’/ but
that it should come to
phaneron/ φανερόν/ light

Matthew 20:23
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/matthew/20-23.htm
you shall be baptized [with]
to/ τὸ/ the
de/ δὲ/ but
to sit
ek/ ἐκ/ on
[the] right hand of Me and on [the] left
ouk/ οὐκ/ not
is Mine this to give
235 all’/ ἀλλ’/ but [to those]
for whom it has been prepared
hypo/ ὑπὸ/ by
the
Patros/ Πατρός/ Father
of Me

Luke 4:26
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/luke/4-26.htm
and to none of them was sent Elijah
1487 ei/ εἰ/ if
3361 mē/ μὴ/ not
to Zarephath
tēs/ τῆς/ the
of Sidon to a woman-- a widow

Luke 4:27
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/luke/4-27.htm
and none of them
ekatharisthē/ ἐκαθαρίσθη/ was cleansed
1487 ei/ εἰ/ if
3361 mē/ μὴ/ not
Naaman the Syrian

Luke 12:51
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/luke/12-51.htm
.... No, I say to you,
235 all’/ ἀλλ’/ but
2228 ē/ ἢ/ rather
diamerismon/ διαμερισμόν/ division.
Reply
#59
Do you think Revelation 17:1 originally had:
"Come"?
"Follow me"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"the great whore"?
"the whore"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 17:1
King James Bible
And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And one of the seven Angels who had with them the seven vessels, came and spoke with me saying, "Follow me; I shall show you the judgment of The Harlot who sits on many waters,"
Literal Standard Version
And there came one of the seven messengers, who were having the seven bowls, and he spoke with me, saying to me, "Come, I will show to you the judgment of the great whore, who is sitting on the many waters,
World English Bible
One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke with me, saying, "Come here. I will show you the judgment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters,

Revelation 17:1 - [One of the seven angels], who had the seven bowls, came and talked with me, saying: "Follow me! I will show you judgment on the harlot who sits on many waters,
Follow me! - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "Come (here)!"
the whore - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'the great whore'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 17:5 originally had:
"on her forehead was a name written:"?
"on her forehead was written:"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 17:5
Berean Literal Bible
And upon her forehead a name was written, a mystery: Babylon the Great, the mother of the prostitutes, and of the abominations of the earth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And upon her forehead was written: "Mystery Babylon The Great, The Mother of Harlots and of the Filth of The Earth."
Young's Literal Translation
and upon her forehead was a name written: 'Secret, Babylon the Great, the Mother of the Whores, and the Abominations of the earth.'

Revelation 17:5 - On her forehead was written: "The mystery of Babylon the great, the mother of harlots and of the abominations of the earth."
On her forehead was written - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "On her forehead was written a name..."

===============================================.
Revelation 17:6
Literal Standard Version
And I saw the woman drunken from the blood of the holy ones, and from the blood of the witnesses of Jesus, and I wondered-having seen her-with great wonder;

Revelation 17:6 - I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the witnesses of Jesus. When I saw her, I was extremely stunned.
I was extremely bewildered - literally: 'I was bewildered with great bewilderment' (Aramaic and Greek).

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 17:8 originally had:
"come up out of the abyss"?
"come up from the sea"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

"the beast that was, and is not, and yet is."?
"the beast which was, and is not, and yet will be."? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 17:8
Berean Literal Bible
The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the abyss and go into destruction; and those dwelling on the earth whose names are not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world will wonder, seeing the beast which was, and is not, and yet will be.
King James Bible
The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
"The Beast which you saw, existed and is not, and is about to come up from the Sea, and is going to destruction. And the inhabitants on Earth will marvel, whose names are not written in The Book of Life from the foundation of the world, when they see The Beast which was, and is not, and is approaching."
Literal Standard Version
The beast that you saw: it was, and it is not, and it is about to come up out of the abyss, and to go away to destruction, and those dwelling on the earth will wonder, whose names have not been written on the Scroll of Life from the foundation of the world, beholding the beast that was, and is not, although it is.
World English Bible
The beast that you saw was, and is not; and is about to come up out of the abyss and to go into destruction. Those who dwell on the earth and whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world will marvel when they see that the beast was, and is not, and shall be present.

Revelation 17:8 - The beast which you have seen, which was and which is not, will rise out of the sea and go down. Those who dwell on the earth will marvel, those whose names are not written in the Book of Life from the foundation of the world, when they see the beast, which was and is not, and yet shall be.
from the sea - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta, which corresponds to Op. 13:1. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'from the abyss'
that was and is not and there will be [(toch)] - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek NA28 and MHT. Only from the Greek TR the reading is: 'and yet there is'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 17:9 originally had:
"Here is the mind having wisdom:"?
"Here is the meaning for one having wisdom:"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 17:9
Berean Literal Bible
Here is the mind having wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains, where the woman sits on them;
King James Bible
And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
"Here is the meaning for one having wisdom: the seven heads are seven mountains, upon which The Woman sits."
Literal Standard Version
Here [is] the mind that is having wisdom: the seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits,
World English Bible
Here is the mind that has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sits.

Revelation 17:9 - Here is the meaning for one who has wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits.
Here is the meaning for one who has wisdom - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: "Here is the mind that has wisdom."

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 17:10 originally had:
"when he comes, he must continue a little while."?
"when he comes, a little remaining time is given to him."? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 17:10
Berean Literal Bible
and there are seven kings. The five are fallen, the one is, the other has not yet come; and when he shall have come, it behooves him to remain a little while.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
"And there are seven Kings; five have fallen and one is, and there is another not yet come, and when he comes, a little remaining time is given to him."
Literal Standard Version
and there are seven kings, the five fell, and the one is, the other did not yet come, and when he may come, it is necessary for him to remain a short time;
World English Bible
They are seven kings. Five have fallen, the one is, the other has not yet come. When he comes, he must continue a little while.

Revelation 17:10 - And there are seven kings, five are fallen, one is (yet), and the other is not yet come. When he comes, he has little time left.
there is little time left for him - literally: "is little time given to him to stay." This is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'should he remain a little while longer'.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 17:11 originally had:
"beast that was, and is not"?
"the dragon, and the beast which it brought and is not"? (the Crawford ms. allows for that)
"the dragon and the beast that was and is not"? (the Crawford ms. allows for that)

Revelation 17:11
Berean Literal Bible
And the beast which was, and is not, is also himself an eighth, and is of the seven, and goes into destruction.
King James Bible
And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
"And The Dragon, and The Beast which it brought and is not, also is the eighth, and is of the seven, and is going to destruction."
Literal Standard Version
and the beast that was, and is not, he also is eighth, and he is out of the seven, and he goes away to destruction.
World English Bible
The beast that was, and is not, is himself also an eighth, and is of the seven; and he goes to destruction.

Revelation 17:11 - The dragon and the beast that was and is not is also the eighth itself, and it is of the seven, and it perishes.
The dragon and the beast that was and is not - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta, which some believe could also be translated differently, viz. as follows: 'The dragon, and the beast that he brought, and is not. ..'. The reading of the Greek NA28, MHT and TR reads: 'And the beast, which was and is not...'. In the Greek reading, therefore, 'the dragon' is missing.

===============================================.
Revelation 17:15 - (Also) he said to me, "The waters which thou sawest, on which the harlot sits, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.
languages - curiously enough we do not find the word 'dialekto' here in the Greek NT which we would expect here in line with Hd. 2:6, 8 ('own language'), Hd. 21:40, Hd. 22:2 and Hd. 26:14 (the last three references concern the expression 'the Hebrew language'), although in our view these do concern existing terrestrial languages.

===============================================.
Do you think Revelation 17:16 originally had:
"horns that you saw, and the beast"?
"horns that you saw on the beast"? (the Crawford ms. contains that)

Revelation 17:16
Berean Literal Bible
And the ten horns that you saw, and the beast, these will hate the prostitute, and will make her desolate and naked, and will eat her flesh, and will burn her with fire.
King James Bible
And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
"And the ten horns that you saw on The Beast will hate The Harlot and will make her desolate and naked and will devour her flesh and will burn her in fire."
Literal Standard Version
and the ten horns that you saw on the beast, these will hate the whore, and will make her desolate and naked, and will eat her flesh, and will burn her in fire,
World English Bible
The ten horns which you saw, and the beast, these will hate the prostitute, and will make her desolate, and will make her naked, and will eat her flesh, and will burn her utterly with fire.

Revelation 17:16 - And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast shall hate the harlot and forsake her and make her naked, and they shall devour her flesh and burn her with fire.
that you saw on the beast - this is the reading of the Aramaic Peshitta and of the Greek TR. The reading of the Greek NA28 and MHT reads: 'whom you saw and the beast ...'

=========================
Do you think that when the passages below were originally composed, they had a pronoun right before its associated noun?

(looking at a 1975 Zondervan interlinear of the Greek)
Mt 3:4 Now himself-- John-- had
Mt 17:8 except himself-- Jesus-- only.
Mark 2:21 fullness from itself-- the new
Mark 6:17 For himself-- Herod-- sending seized John
Mark 6:22 the daughter [of] herself-- of Herodias-- dancing
Mark 12:36 himself-- David-- said
Mark 12:37 himself-- David-- says

Mt 3:4 he Now Yukhanan (looking at Younan's interlinear of the Aramaic)
Mt 17:8 l-a [not] kh-z-u [did they see] a-l-a [except/only] a-n [if] l'Y-sh-u-ai [to Yeshua] alone (looking at Younan + Magiera + Glaser) Mark 2:21 d'l-a [lest/ that-not] n-s-b-a [take away] m-l-y-u-th-h [its patch] that new from the old
Mark 6:17 he For Herodus sent
Mark 6:22 a'ai-l-th [and entered] b-r-th-h [her daughter] d'H-r-u-d-i-a [of Herodia]

Mark 12:36 he For Dawid spoke
Mark 12:37 he Since Dawid calls (incidentally, note the Greek mistranslation there: "himself-- David-- says him Lord")

_A Grammar of New Testament Greek by James Hope Moulton, Vol. III Syntax_ by Nigel Turner (1963), 417pp., on 41
The proleptic pronoun followed by resumptive noun is an Aramaic peculiarity^1 [1: C.F. Burney, _The Aramaic Origin of the Fourth Gospel_, Oxford 1922, 85ff. Moulton-Howard 43] :
Mt 3^4... Mk 2^21... 6^17... 22 AC...
Jn 9^13...
Probably also:
Mk 6^17.18.22 ...
12^36. 37. ....
It appears particularly in Codex Bezae^2:
[2: M. Black, _An Aramaic Approach to the Gospels and Acts_^2, Oxford 1953, 70-74]
Matthew 12^45 D...
Mk 5^15f D ...
6^18 D ...
Ac 3^2 D (but mistake for ...?).
This hypothesis of Aramaic influence could explain the apparent use of αὐτος = οὐτος in a demonstrative sense: see p. 194.

For possible later elaboration: in Bezae:
Mt 12:45
Mark 5:15, Mark 6:18
John 9:13
Acts 3:2

transcript of Codex Bezae
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/8

_Scribal Habits and Singular Readings in Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Ephraemi, Bezae, and Washingtonianus in the Gospel of Matthew_ by Gregory S. Paulson (2018), 345pp., on 38, 39-40
amazon.com/Sinaiticus-Vaticanus-Washingtonianus-GlossaHouse-Dissertation/dp/1942697457/
The Singular Readings of Scribe D in Sinaiticus in Matthew....
There are only two singular transpositions in the text transcribed by scribe D (16:13;^155 17:8),^156....
156 The Aramaic proleptic pronoun construction is altered here (Zerwick, _Grammatical Analysis_, 55). The Aramaic proleptic pronoun construction is also found in Matt 3:4; Mark 2:21; 6:17, (18), 22; (12:36, 37); John 9:13. Cf. Nigel G. Turner, _Syntax_, vol. 3 of A Grammar of New Testament Greek, by James Hope Moulton (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1963), 41. The pronoun is no longer rendered proleptic (as in B* Θ 700) but as an antecedent pronoun, which is a common grammatical construction in the NT. Zerwick states: "The proleptic use of pronouns, i.e. their use to 'introduce' a noun which follows... is a pure Aramaism, and has been almost entirely eliminated from the usual text" (_Biblical Greek_, §204; cf. §205). Cf. McNeile, _Matthew_, 251.
Reply
#60
A closer look at Bezae's
Mt 12:45
Mark 5:15, Mark 6:18
John 9:13
Acts 3:2

For the Aramaic Mt 12:45, there are 2 superfluous pronouns, specifically the "it"s of "dwell in it" and "be to it." The latter involves a pronoun and then its corresponding noun:
"will be to it-- to this evil generation."
Maybe there's a pronoun-then-noun construction in the Bezae Greek Mt 12:45, but it's not obvious to me. Maybe the Bezae Greek reads, "and it becomes the end of it-- of that man."

Mt 12:45 (based on Younan)
Then it will go (and) lead seven other rukha [spirits] with it who are worse than it,
and they will enter and dwell in it, and the end of the man-- it will be worse than his beginning.
Like this will be to it-- to this evil generation."

Mt 12:45 Codex Bezae, pg 64
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/64
πορευεται και παραλαμβανει μεθ εαυτου
επτα ετερα πνευματα · πονηροτερα αυτου
και εισελθοντα κατοικει εκει
και γεινεται τα αισχατα αυτου
του ανθρωπου εκεινου · χειρον των πρωτων
ουτως εστε και τη γενεα ταυτη τη πονηρα

Using google translate on "και γεινεται τα αισχατα αυτου
του ανθρωπου εκεινου · χειρον των πρωτων":
and it becomes the end of it--
of that man....

Mt 12:45 Westcott and Hort / NA28 variants
https://biblehub.com/texts/matthew/12-45.htm
καὶ γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα
τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου χείρονα τῶν πρώτων.

Matthew 12:45
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/matthew/12-45.htm
kai/ καὶ/ and
ginetai/ γίνεται/ becomes
ta/ τὰ/ the
eschata/ ἔσχατα/ last [in place of that word, Bezae has the similar "αισχατα"]
[Bezae has here in addition: αυτου, which I assume means "he" or "it"]
tou/ τοῦ/ of the
anthrōpou/ ἀνθρώπου/ man
ekeinou/ ἐκείνου/ that
cheirona/ χείρονα/ worse [Bezae has here instead: χειρον]
tōn/ τῶν/ than the
prōtōn/ πρώτων/ first.

houtōs/ οὕτως/ So
estai/ ἔσται/ it will be
kai/ καὶ/ also
tē/ τῇ/ unto
genea/ γενεᾷ/ generation
tautē/ ταύτῃ/ this
tē/ τῇ/ the
ponēra/ πονηρᾷ/ evil

======================================
The Bezae Mk 5:15 has a pronoun-noun construction that seems to parallel what's in the original Aramaic:
"see him-- a demoniac."

Mk 5:15 (based on Younan)
And they came to Yeshua, and saw him-- the one d'sh-a-d-u-h-i [that (was) possessed of shada/ demons]-- dressed and sober and was sitting, that in whom Legion had been, and they were afraid.

Mark 5:15, Latin portion of Codex Bezae, pg 580
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/580
et ueniunt ad ihm · et uident illum
qui a daemonio uexauabatur · sedentem
uestitum et sane mentis

Using google tranlate:
et ueniunt ad ihm
et uident illum
qui a daemonio uexauabatur · sedentem
uestitum et sane mentis
And they come to hm
and they see him--
a demoniac-- sitting uexauabatur ·
clothes and sane mentis [I bet "sane mentis" means 'mentally sane']

Mark 5:15, Greek portion of Codex Bezae, pg 579
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/579
και ερχονται προς τον ιην · και θεωρουσιν αυτο(ν)
τον δαιμονιζομενον · καθημενον
ειματισμενον · και σωφρονουντα

Mark 5:15
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/mark/5-15.htm
.... kai/ καὶ/ and
theōrousin/ θεωροῦσιν/ see
[Bezae has here as well: αυτο(ν)/ him]
ton/ τὸν/ the
daimonizomenon/ δαιμονιζόμενον/ possessed by demons
kathēmenon/ καθήμενον/ sitting
himatismenon/ ἱματισμένον/ clothed
kai/ καὶ/ and
sōphronounta/ σωφρονοῦντα/ sound minded ....

=============================.
The Bezae Mk 6:18 has a pronoun-noun construction:
"to have αυτην/her-- the wife of the brother of you."
The Aramaic Mk 6:19 has a pronoun-noun construction:
"she-- Herodia-- was a threat."

Mk 6:18-19 (based on Younan)
18. For Yukhanan would say to Herodus that, "It is not lawful to you to take the wife of your brother."
19. And she-- Herodia-- was a threat to him....

Mark 6:18, Codex Bezae, pg 587
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/587
ελεγεν γαρ ϊωαννης τω ηρωδη
ουκ εξεστιν σε εχειν αυ
την γυναικα του αδελφου σου

Mark 6:18
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/mark/6-18.htm
.... echein/ ἔχειν/ to have
[Bezae has here as well: αυτην/ her]
tēn/ τὴν/ the
gynaika/ γυναῖκα/ wife
tou/ τοῦ/ of the
adelphou/ ἀδελφοῦ/ brother
sou/ σου/ of you.

Matthew 1:19
https://biblehub.com/text/matthew/1-19.htm
.... ἐβουλήθη/ eboulēthē/ purposed
λάθρᾳ/ lathra/ secretly
ἀπολῦσαι/ apolysai / to send away
αὐτήν/ autēn/ her.

search for "αυτην" on biblehub
https://biblescan.com/searchstrongs.php?...E%B7%CE%BD
848. hautou
https://biblehub.com/greek/848.htm
hautou: her own, his own, their own, themselves, they.
Original Word: αὑτοῦ
Transliteration: hautou
Phonetic Spelling: (how-too')
Definition: her own, his own, their own, themselves, they
846. autos
https://biblehub.com/greek/846.htm
autos: (1) self (emphatic) (2) he, she, it (used for the third pers. pron.) (3) the same
Original Word: αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό
Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Transliteration: autos
Phonetic Spelling: (ow-tos')
Definition: (1) self (emphatic) (2) he, she, it (used for the third person pronoun) (3) the same
Usage: he, she, it, they, them, same.

==========================
I don't detect a pronoun-noun construction in the Bezae Jn 9:13, nor in the typical Greek for Jn 9:13,
nor in the Aramaic Jn 9:13.
Both Bezae and the Aramaic start the sentence with "and."

John 9:13 (Weymouth NT)
https://biblehub.com/john/9-13.htm
They brought him to the Pharisees--the man who had been blind.

John 9:13 (Disciples' Literal NT)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?se...rsion=DLNT
They bring him to the Pharisees-- the formerly blind _one_.

Jn 9:13 (based on Younan)
And they brought him-- he who was blind from the beginning-- to the Pharisees.

John 9:13, Codex Bezae
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/249
et adducunt aeum ad pharisaeos
qui ante erat caecus
[google translate:
And they brought to the Pharisees aeum
he had been blind
Also:
And they brought to the Pharisees aeum
and before he was blind]
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/248
και αγουσιν αυτον προς τους φαρισαιους
τον ποτε τυφλον

John Chapter 9 - Interliner Textus Receptus vs. Alexandrian Text
https://www.bibleversestudy.com/johngosp...-greek.htm
13 αγουσιν αυτον προς τους φαρισαιους τον ποτε τυφλον
13 αγουσιν αυτον προς τους φαρισαιους τον ποτε τυφλον

John 9:13
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/john/9-13.htm
Agousin/ Ἄγουσιν/ They bring
auton/ αὐτὸν/ him
pros/ πρὸς/ to
tous/ τοὺς/ the
Pharisaious/ Φαρισαίους/ Pharisees
ton/ τόν/ who
pote/ ποτε/ once [was]
typhlon/ τυφλόν/ blind

=====================================
I don't detect a pronoun-noun construction in the Aramaic Acts 3:2, nor in the Bezae Acts 3:2.

Acts 3:2 (based on Younan)
And behold, a certain man who (was) lame from the womb (of) his mother these (men) were carrying who were accustomed to bringing and placing him at the gate of the temple, which was called Beautiful, that he might request zedqata [alms] from those who were entering the temple.

Acts 3:2, Codex Bezae, pg 695
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/695
και ιδου τις ανηρ χωλος εκ κοιλιας μητρος αυτου
εβασταζετο ον ετιθουν καθ ημεραν
προς την θυραν του ϊερου
την λεγομενην ωραιαν
του αιτειν ελεημοσυνην παρ αυτων
εισπορευομενων αυτων εις το ϊερον

Acts 3:2
kai/ καί/ And
tis/ τις/ a certain
anēr/ ἀνὴρ/ man
chōlos/ χωλὸς/ lame
ek/ ἐκ/ from
koilias/ κοιλίας/ womb
mētros/ μητρὸς/ of mother
autou/ αὐτοῦ/ of him
hyparchōn/ ὑπάρχων/ being
ebastazeto/ ἐβαστάζετο/ was being carried
hon/ ὃν/ whom
etithoun/ ἐτίθουν/ they placed
kath’/ καθ’/ every
hēmeran/ ἡμέραν/ day
pros/ πρὸς/ at
tēn/ τὴν/ the
thyran/ θύραν/ gate
tou/ τοῦ/ of the
hierou/ ἱεροῦ/ temple
tēn/ τὴν/ the
legomenēn/ λεγομένην/ called
Hōraian/ Ὡραίαν/ Beautiful
tou/ τοῦ/ the
aitein/ αἰτεῖν/ to ask for
eleēmosynēn/ ἐλεημοσύνην/ alms
para/ παρὰ/ from
tōn/ τῶν/ those who [instead of "παρὰ τῶν," Bezae has the similar-looking "παρ αυτων"]
eisporeuomenōn/ εἰσπορευομένων/ were going
eis/ εἰς/ into
to/ τὸ/ the
hieron/ ἱερόν/ temple

===========================
Do you think any of Acts 15:34 belongs in Acts?
A long form of it appears in Codex Bezae.

Acts 15:34, Codex Bezae, pg 791
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00041/791
εδοξε δε τω σειλεα επιμειναι αυτους
μονος δε ϊουδας επορευθη

It's entirely absent from several versions.

https://biblehub.com/acts/15-34.htm
Douay-Rheims Bible
But it seemed good unto Silas to remain there;
and Judas alone departed to Jerusalem.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English
However, it was Shila's will to remain there.
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